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Agriculture & Food Management

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Home/Indian Economy/Agriculture & Food Management/Page 15

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Priyakshi Saikia
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Priyakshi SaikiaBegginer
Asked: July 14, 2024In:
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What kind of food labeling system would be most suitable for a mass populated country like India and Why? How can awareness bw increased? (Answer in 200 words)

question
  1. Deeksha Soni
    Deeksha Soni Begginer

    A color-coded front-of-pack labeling (FoPL) system would be most suitable for a mass-populated country like India. To increase awareness, approaches can be - 1 Public Campaigns 2 School Programs 3 Retailer Involvement 4 Partnership with Influencers

    • A color-coded front-of-pack labeling (FoPL) system would be most suitable for a mass-populated country like India.

      To increase awareness, approaches can be –
      1 Public Campaigns
      2 School Programs
      3 Retailer Involvement
      4 Partnership with Influencers

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Rohini Singh
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Rohini SinghBegginer
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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Examine the effects on the welfare and income of the communities that raise animals, as well as any potential trade-offs between the overall efficiency of the market and the government’s price support mechanisms, such as the Minimum Support Price (MSP) ...

upsc: economics of animal-rearing
  1. Mansi Gautam
    Mansi Gautam Learner

    Impact of Government Price Support Mechanisms on Animal-Rearing Communities 1. Overview of Price Support Mechanisms The Indian government has implemented several price support mechanisms to stabilize the incomes of farmers and animal-rearing communities. These include: Minimum Support Price (MSP) foRead more

    Impact of Government Price Support Mechanisms on Animal-Rearing Communities

    1. Overview of Price Support Mechanisms

    The Indian government has implemented several price support mechanisms to stabilize the incomes of farmers and animal-rearing communities. These include:

    • Minimum Support Price (MSP) for Milk: Introduced to ensure fair prices for milk producers, protecting them from market volatility.
    • Procurement of Livestock Products: Includes interventions such as procurement for government schemes and buffer stocks to manage price fluctuations.

    2. Impact on Income and Welfare of Animal-Rearing Communities

    a. Income Stability and Improved Livelihoods

    • Enhanced Income: The MSP for milk has provided a safety net for dairy farmers by guaranteeing a minimum price. For instance, in 2023, the MSP for milk was increased to support dairy farmers facing rising feed costs and market pressures.
    • Case Example: In Madhya Pradesh, increased MSP for milk has led to better incomes for dairy farmers, improving their standard of living and enabling investment in better animal husbandry practices.

    b. Welfare Improvements

    • Social Security: Support mechanisms have contributed to the overall welfare of animal-rearing communities by reducing income volatility and ensuring a stable source of income.
    • Case Example: Gujarat‘s dairy cooperative model under Amul benefits from MSP and procurement policies, improving the quality of life for many small and marginal dairy farmers.

    3. Trade-Offs Between Financial Sustainability and Market Efficiency

    a. Financial Sustainability

    • Cost to Government: Maintaining MSP and procurement programs involves significant fiscal expenditure. For example, in 2023-24, the Indian government allocated substantial funds for the procurement of milk and other livestock products.
    • Budget Strain: Persistent support mechanisms can strain government budgets, leading to a potential reallocation of resources from other essential sectors.

    b. Market Efficiency

    • Distorted Prices: While MSPs ensure minimum prices, they can lead to price distortions in the market. For example, MSP interventions in the milk sector may lead to surplus production, affecting market equilibrium.
    • Case Example: In Punjab, increased MSP for milk has led to higher milk production, sometimes resulting in overproduction and price distortions in local markets.

    c. Long-Term Impact

    • Dependency: Continuous reliance on MSPs and procurement schemes can lead to dependency, reducing incentives for farmers to improve efficiency or diversify their products.
    • Case Example: Haryana has seen a reliance on MSP for milk, which can sometimes discourage farmers from adopting innovative practices or exploring alternative revenue streams.

    4. Policy Recommendations

    a. Balancing Support with Market Efficiency

    • Targeted Support: Adjusting MSPs and procurement strategies to target only the most vulnerable farmers can help balance support with market efficiency.
    • Example: Tailoring MSP levels to specific regions or products based on market conditions and production costs can reduce distortions and better align with market realities.

    b. Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability

    • Incentivizing Innovation: Encouraging investments in technology and efficient practices can complement support mechanisms, enhancing overall sector productivity.
    • Case Example: Implementing technology-driven solutions in dairy farming, such as automated milking systems, can improve productivity and reduce dependency on MSP.

    5. Conclusion

    The government’s price support mechanisms, including MSP for milk and procurement of livestock products, play a crucial role in stabilizing incomes and improving the welfare of animal-rearing communities. While these mechanisms provide essential income security, they also present challenges related to financial sustainability and market efficiency.

    Balancing support with market dynamics, encouraging innovation, and adopting targeted policies can enhance the effectiveness of these programs while addressing potential trade-offs. These strategies are crucial for ensuring that support mechanisms contribute to sustainable development in the animal-rearing sector while maintaining market stability.

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Charishma Anagani
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Charishma AnaganiBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In:
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Described briefly.

  1. Surbhi Chauhan
    Surbhi Chauhan Begginer

    Food cannot be stored for longer as it is prone to degradation. However different methods can be employed to preserve foods, that help increase their shelf life without compromising food quality. Micro-organisms are the root cause of the degradation of food and for killing them high temperatures areRead more

    Food cannot be stored for longer as it is prone to degradation. However different methods can be employed to preserve foods, that help increase their shelf life without compromising food quality. Micro-organisms are the root cause of the degradation of food and for killing them high temperatures are required. Pasteurization and sterilization are thermal methods used to eradicate microorganisms from the packed food to increase the food’s shelf life. In pasteurization where food is subjected to a temperature below 100 degrees Celsius to kill certain micro-organisms, in sterilization the food is subjected to a temperature above 100 degrees Celsius to kill all the micro-organisms, pathogens, and spores. In pasteurization food can be pasteurized in two ways, one is where food is exposed to a lower temperature (60-75 degrees Celsius) for 30 minutes and the other is where food is exposed to a higher temperature (75-100 degrees Celsius) for shorter time. Food products like pickles, creams, stews, sauces, syrups, and jams are sterilized and food products like milk, beer, and juices are pasteurized. When food is sterilized, it is ready to be stored for more than 4 months and when food is pasteurized it is suitable for storage for 2 to 3 weeks.

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Aaditya Kapoor
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Aaditya KapoorBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Examine how e-learning platforms and digital agricultural extension services can help farmers, especially those in underserved and remote areas, have better access to opportunities for skill development, training, and agricultural knowledge. You should also discuss the difficulties in ensuring digital ...

upsc: e-technology for farmers
  1. Manav Srivastava
    Manav Srivastava Begginer

    E-Learning and Digital Extension Services: Empowering Farmers in Remote and Underserved Areas The rapid digitalization of the agricultural sector has opened up new avenues for farmers to access knowledge, training, and skill development opportunities. In this context, let's discuss the role of e-leaRead more

    E-Learning and Digital Extension Services: Empowering Farmers in Remote and Underserved Areas

    The rapid digitalization of the agricultural sector has opened up new avenues for farmers to access knowledge, training, and skill development opportunities. In this context, let’s discuss the role of e-learning platforms and digital agricultural extension services, and analyze the challenges in ensuring digital literacy and inclusivity.

    1. Improving Access to Agricultural Knowledge and Training

    • Reach and Accessibility: E-learning platforms and digital extension services can provide farmers, even in remote and underserved areas, with access to a wide range of educational resources, training programs, and expert advice, overcoming geographical barriers.
    • Customized Content: These digital solutions can offer tailored content and learning modules based on the specific needs and requirements of farmers, ensuring relevance and effectiveness.
    • Recent Example: The Government of India’s “Digital Agriculture Mission” has launched various e-learning initiatives, such as the “Kisan Suvidha” mobile app and the “National Agriculture Education Portal,” to enhance farmers’ access to agricultural knowledge and best practices.

    2. Facilitating Skill Development and Capacity Building

    • Skill-Building Opportunities: E-learning platforms and digital extension services can provide farmers with opportunities to develop specialized skills, such as precision farming techniques, organic farming, and value-addition, empowering them to adopt innovative and sustainable agricultural practices.
    • Continuous Learning: These digital solutions can offer ongoing learning and skill development opportunities, enabling farmers to stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in the agricultural sector.
    • Recent Example: The “Plantix” mobile app, developed by the German start-up PEAT, uses artificial intelligence to provide farmers with real-time diagnosis of plant diseases and personalized recommendations for remedial actions, enhancing their technical capabilities.

    3. Ensuring Digital Literacy and Inclusivity

    • Digital Divide: The lack of access to digital infrastructure, such as reliable internet connectivity and smart devices, can create a digital divide, particularly in remote and underserved areas, hindering the widespread adoption of e-learning and digital extension services.
    • Digital Literacy: Addressing the digital literacy gap among farmers, especially the elderly and marginalized communities, is crucial to ensure the effective utilization of these digital solutions.
    • Inclusive Approach: Policymakers and stakeholders must adopt a collaborative and inclusive approach, involving local communities, grassroots organizations, and extension workers, to design and implement e-learning and digital extension services that cater to the diverse needs and capabilities of farmers.
    • Recent Example: The “DigiGaon” initiative by the Government of India aims to provide digital literacy training and access to digital services, including agricultural information, to remote and underserved communities, promoting inclusive digital development.

    Conclusion
    E-learning platforms and digital agricultural extension services have the potential to revolutionize the way farmers access knowledge, training, and skill development opportunities, particularly in remote and underserved areas. However, to ensure the widespread adoption and inclusivity of these digital solutions, policymakers must address the challenges of digital infrastructure, digital literacy, and the diverse needs of the farming community. By adopting a holistic and inclusive approach, the agricultural sector can harness the transformative power of digital technologies and empower farmers to enhance their productivity, sustainability, and resilience.

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Suraj Singh
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Suraj SinghLearner
Asked: July 24, 2024In:
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Discuss the policy and regulatory frameworks necessary to enable the safe and responsible deployment of these technologies in the agricultural sector. Analyze the effects of using drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest management.

upsc: e-technology for farmers
  1. Manoj Singh
    Manoj Singh Learner

    Impact of Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Agriculture 1. Overview of UAVs in Agriculture Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in precision farming to enhance agricultural productivity, improve crop monitoring, and manage pests more effectively. These tRead more

    Impact of Drones and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in Agriculture

    1. Overview of UAVs in Agriculture

    Drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in precision farming to enhance agricultural productivity, improve crop monitoring, and manage pests more effectively. These technologies offer several advantages over traditional methods:

    • Precision Farming: Drones provide high-resolution aerial imagery that helps in precise monitoring of crop health, soil conditions, and field variability.
    • Crop Monitoring: UAVs can capture real-time data on crop growth, nutrient levels, and stress factors, allowing farmers to make informed decisions.
    • Pest Management: Drones equipped with multispectral sensors can identify pest infestations early, facilitating targeted interventions.

    2. Impact on Precision Farming and Crop Monitoring

    Enhanced Data Collection

    • High-Resolution Imagery: Drones can capture detailed images of fields, enabling farmers to assess crop conditions and manage resources more effectively.
    • Example: In Punjab, the use of drones has helped farmers in monitoring the health of wheat crops, identifying areas needing additional irrigation or fertilizer.

    Improved Resource Management

    • Variable Rate Application: UAVs facilitate variable rate application of inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, based on specific field conditions.
    • Example: Tata Trusts have used drones for precision farming in Maharashtra to optimize the use of inputs and improve yield efficiency.

    Early Detection of Issues

    • Disease and Pest Detection: Drones with multispectral sensors can detect early signs of crop diseases and pest infestations, allowing for timely intervention.
    • Example: In Tamil Nadu, drones have been used to identify and monitor pest outbreaks in cotton fields, leading to targeted and effective pest management strategies.

    3. Impact on Pest Management

    Targeted Application

    • Reduced Chemical Usage: UAVs can deliver precise amounts of pesticides, reducing overall chemical use and minimizing environmental impact.
    • Example: The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has piloted drone-based pesticide spraying in Karnataka, showing a reduction in chemical use and improved pest control.

    Improved Efficiency

    • Faster Response: Drones enable rapid response to pest threats, improving the efficiency of pest management practices.
    • Example: Farmers in Gujarat have used drones to quickly address pest infestations, reducing crop damage and yield losses.

    4. Policy and Regulatory Frameworks

    Current Regulations

    • DGCA Guidelines: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) has established guidelines for the operation of drones in India, including requirements for pilot certification, drone registration, and operational permissions.
    • Example: The Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR) for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), updated in 2021, provide a regulatory framework for commercial drone operations.

    Challenges and Gaps

    • Regulatory Complexity: The complex and evolving regulatory landscape can be challenging for farmers and businesses to navigate.
    • Example: The Multi-State Drone Regulations and the need for permissions from multiple authorities can create delays and increase operational costs for drone deployment.

    Policy Recommendations

    • Streamline Regulations: Simplify and harmonize regulations to facilitate easier adoption of drone technology while ensuring safety and compliance.
    • Example: Implement a Single Window Clearance System for drone operations to reduce bureaucratic hurdles and speed up the approval process.

    Promote Research and Development

    • Support Innovation: Encourage investment in research and development to advance drone technology and its applications in agriculture.
    • Example: Government initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) could include provisions for supporting drone-based solutions for precision farming.

    Training and Education

    • Farmer Training Programs: Develop training programs to educate farmers about the use of drones and UAVs, ensuring they can effectively utilize these technologies.
    • Example: The ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science has conducted workshops to train farmers on using drones for agricultural monitoring and management.

    5. Conclusion

    The use of drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest management offers significant benefits, including enhanced data collection, improved resource management, and targeted pest control. However, effective deployment of these technologies requires a robust policy and regulatory framework that addresses current challenges and supports innovation. Streamlining regulations, promoting research, and providing farmer training are essential steps to enable the safe and responsible use of drones in agriculture, ultimately contributing to increased productivity and sustainability in the sector.

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Bhargav Bhat
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Bhargav BhatBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Examine how technological innovations, like automated monitoring systems, precision feeding, and electronic identification, can increase the output, effectiveness, and profitability of animal-rearing businesses. Then, talk about the steps that need to be taken to make these innovations widely available.

upsc: economics of animal-rearing
  1. Krishna Vasudev
    Krishna Vasudev Learner

    The role of technological interventions in improving the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises is significant and multi-faceted. Here's an assessment of the impact of technologies like electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems,Read more

    The role of technological interventions in improving the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises is significant and multi-faceted. Here’s an assessment of the impact of technologies like electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems, as well as the measures required to enable their widespread adoption:

    1. Electronic Identification:

    • Electronic identification (e-ID) systems, such as RFID tags, enable the tracking and monitoring of individual animals throughout their lifespan.
    • This technology allows for the accurate collection of data on animal health, movement, and productivity, which can inform decision-making and improve herd management.
    • E-ID systems can help reduce labor costs, enhance traceability, and enable precise monitoring of animal performance and welfare.

    2. Precision Feeding:

    • Precision feeding technologies, such as automated feeders and feed monitoring systems, can optimize the nutritional intake of animals based on their individual needs.
    • This tailored approach to feeding can lead to improved feed efficiency, reduced feed waste, and better overall animal health and growth performance.
    • Precision feeding can also help mitigate the environmental impact of animal-rearing by minimizing the excretion of excess nutrients.

    3. Automated Monitoring Systems:

    • Automated monitoring systems, including sensors and cameras, can continuously collect data on animal behavior, health, and environmental conditions.
    • This real-time data can be used to detect early signs of illness, monitor reproductive cycles, and optimize environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, and air quality.
    • Automated monitoring can help reduce labor costs, improve animal welfare, and enable timely interventions to address potential issues.

    Measures required to enable the widespread adoption of these technologies:

    1. Accessible and affordable technology:

    • Ensure that the costs of these technologies are within the reach of small and medium-scale animal-rearing enterprises.
    • Explore government subsidies, financing schemes, and lease-to-own programs to make the technologies more accessible.

    2. Capacity building and training:

    • Provide comprehensive training and support to farmers and animal-rearing professionals on the effective use and maintenance of these technologies.
    • Establish demonstration farms and extension services to showcase the benefits and best practices for implementing these technologies.

    3. Regulatory frameworks and standards:

    • Develop clear and consistent regulatory frameworks to ensure the ethical and responsible use of these technologies, addressing issues like data privacy, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability.
    • Establish industry standards and guidelines to promote interoperability and integration of these technologies across different animal-rearing enterprises.

    4. Knowledge-sharing and collaboration:

    • Encourage knowledge-sharing and collaboration among farmers, technology providers, researchers, and policymakers to address challenges, share best practices, and drive continuous innovation.
    • Invest in research and development to further improve the capabilities and cost-effectiveness of these technologies.

    5. Enabling infrastructure and connectivity:

    • Ensure the availability of reliable power supply and high-speed internet connectivity in rural and remote areas to support the deployment and effective utilization of these technologies.
    • Improve the overall digital infrastructure and connectivity to enable seamless data transmission and integration across different systems.

    By addressing these measures, the widespread adoption of electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems can significantly enhance the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises, while also promoting sustainable and responsible practices.

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Prasad Mintu Morya
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Poll
Prasad Mintu MoryaLearner
Asked: October 24, 2024In:
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Questions -Analyze how the digital transformation of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India helps address the challenges it faces.(200 words)

# analyze how the digital transformation of the public distribution system (pds) in india helps address the challenges it faces.# public distribution system
  1. Anita Dhruw
    Anita Dhruw Legend

    Introduction This distribution system forms a fundamental part of the food security plans for the citizens of India. However, with the passage of time, technology has emerged as an essential enabler in the tackling of long-existing issues and the overall PDS functioning. Streamlining Supply Chain MaRead more

    Introduction
    This distribution system forms a fundamental part of the food security plans for the citizens of India. However, with the passage of time, technology has emerged as an essential enabler in the tackling of long-existing issues and the overall PDS functioning.

    Streamlining Supply Chain Management:
    Technology has profoundly been instrumental in helping to achieve the PDS through computerized systems embedded in supply chain management. Computerized end-to-end supply chain operations have minimized manual interfaces, reducing drastically errors, leakage, and inefficiency.
    Biometric Authentication Enhancing Transparency and ePoS
    Biometric authentication and electronic Point of Sale (ePoS) devices have immensely contributed to the simplification of the PDS activities. Biometric authentication eliminates ghost and duplicate beneficiaries and therefore ensures that subsidies reach the right customers.


    Empowerment of Beneficiaries through Information :
    Technology has now allowed online services for the distribution of PDS information. It is now possible for the beneficiary to get entitlement and prices along with the schedule for distribution through their websites and mobile applications.


    PDS Operations: Data analytics, Machine learning, and analytics the decisioning process has been enhanced. These technologies enable authority to forecast demand, stock, and exposure points that are prone to a leakage or inefficiency.


    Conclusion
    From simplifying the supply chain and making it more effective to lending the PD system the transparency it needed and finally to empowering the beneficiaries, technology has been one of the biggest drivers in the change process.

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Aaditya Kapoor
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Aaditya KapoorBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In:
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Discuss the steps needed to increase the impact and reach of the various agriculture technology missions, such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture, the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology, and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil ...

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Kartik Iyer
    Kartik Iyer Begginer

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture Introduction Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on AgriRead more

    Evaluation of Technology Missions in Agriculture

    Introduction

    Technology missions in agriculture are pivotal in addressing the challenges of low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. Programs such as the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET), and the National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) aim to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability. This evaluation explores their effectiveness and discusses measures required to bolster their impact and reach.

    National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Sustainable Practices: NMSA focuses on promoting sustainable agricultural practices, improving soil health, and enhancing water use efficiency. The mission supports practices like Organic Farming, Integrated Nutrient Management, and Water Use Efficiency.
      • Soil Health Management: The Soil Health Management (SHM) component of NMSA has been instrumental in promoting soil testing and providing recommendations for nutrient management. For instance, the Soil Health Management Scheme has led to the establishment of numerous soil testing laboratories.
    2. Challenges:
      • Adoption Rates: Despite its goals, adoption rates of sustainable practices have been uneven. In some regions, traditional practices persist due to a lack of awareness and training.
      • Resource Constraints: Limited funding and infrastructure challenges have affected the comprehensive implementation of NMSA’s initiatives.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Increased Awareness and Training: Strengthening outreach and training programs to educate farmers about sustainable practices.
    • Improved Funding and Infrastructure: Enhancing investment in infrastructure and resources to support soil health and sustainable agriculture practices.

    National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Extension Services: NMAET aims to improve agricultural extension services, promote technology transfer, and enhance farmer training. The mission includes components like the Support to State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms (SSEEPR) and Farmers’ Field Schools.
      • Technology Adoption: Initiatives under NMAET have facilitated the adoption of modern technologies and best practices, such as precision farming and climate-resilient crops. For example, the use of eNAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) has improved market access and price transparency.
    2. Challenges:
      • Coverage and Reach: The reach of extension services has been limited in remote and underserved areas, impacting the equitable dissemination of technology.
      • Coordination Issues: Coordination between various extension services and programs often faces challenges, leading to inefficiencies.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Expanding Reach: Strengthening extension services to cover more remote areas and ensure that all farmers benefit from technological advancements.
    • Enhanced Coordination: Improving coordination between different extension services and integrating technology to streamline information dissemination.

    National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)

    1. Objectives and Achievements:
      • Oilseed Production: NMOOP aims to increase the production of oilseeds and oil palm to reduce import dependency. It supports research, development, and cultivation of high-yielding varieties of oilseeds and oil palm.
      • Successes: The mission has led to increased cultivation of oil palm in states like Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and enhanced production of oilseeds through improved varieties and farming practices.
    2. Challenges:
      • Geographic Limitations: The cultivation of oil palm has faced geographic and climatic limitations in regions outside the tropical zone, affecting its widespread adoption.
      • Market Fluctuations: Volatility in market prices for oilseeds can impact the profitability and attractiveness of oilseed cultivation.

    Measures for Enhancement:

    • Research and Development: Investing in R&D to develop climate-resilient and high-yielding varieties suitable for diverse geographic conditions.
    • Price Stabilization Mechanisms: Implementing mechanisms to stabilize market prices and ensure fair returns for farmers.

    Conclusion

    The technology missions in agriculture, including NMSA, NMAET, and NMOOP, play a crucial role in addressing challenges such as low productivity, climate change, and resource depletion. While these missions have achieved notable successes, challenges remain in terms of adoption rates, coverage, and geographic limitations. Enhancing their effectiveness requires increased awareness and training, improved funding and infrastructure, expanded reach, enhanced coordination, and continued investment in research and development. Addressing these areas will help maximize the impact of these missions and support sustainable agricultural development in India.

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Harsh Singh
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Harsh SinghBegginer
Asked: August 22, 2024In: ,
  • 0

question
  1. Dr sangeeta Singh
    Dr sangeeta Singh Learner

    Allelopathy refers to the direct or indirect harmful effects of one plant on another through the release of chemical compounds into the environment. These compounds, called allelochemicals, can inhibit growth, reduce yield or even kill neighboring plants. *Role in Irrigated Agriculture:* AllelopathyRead more

    Allelopathy refers to the direct or indirect harmful effects of one plant on another through the release of chemical compounds into the environment. These compounds, called allelochemicals, can inhibit growth, reduce yield or even kill neighboring plants.

    *Role in Irrigated Agriculture:*

    Allelopathy significantly impacts cropping systems in irrigated agriculture:

    *Benefits:*

    1. Weed control: Allelopathic crops suppress weed growth, reducing competition for water and nutrients.
    2. Improved crop yields: By inhibiting neighboring plants, allelopathic crops can increase resource availability.
    3. Soil health: Allelochemicals can enhance soil fertility and structure.

    *Challenges:*

    1. Crop selection: Incompatible crop combinations can lead to reduced yields.
    2. Soil pollution: Persistent allelochemicals can harm subsequent crops.
    3. Water contamination: Allelochemicals can leach into water sources.

    *Major Cropping Systems:*

    1. Rice-Wheat System: Rice allelopathy suppresses weeds, benefiting wheat.
    2. Maize-Soybean System: Maize allelopathy enhances soybean growth.
    3. Sugarcane-Based Systems: Sugarcane allelopathy controls weeds and promotes soil health.
    4. Cotton-Based Systems: Cotton allelopathy reduces weed growth.

    *Management Strategies:*

    1. Crop rotation and intercropping
    2. Allelopathic crop breeding
    3. Integrated pest management (IPM)
    4. Soil conservation practices
    5. Irrigation management to minimize allelochemical leaching

    *Examples of Allelopathic Crops:*

    1. Rice (Oryza sativa)
    2. Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
    3. Maize (Zea mays)
    4. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
    5. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
    6. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
    7. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

    *Research and Future Directions:

    1. Identifying allelopathic compounds and mechanisms
    2. Developing allelopathic crop varieties
    3. Investigating allelopathy’s role in organic farming
    4. Integrating allelopathy with precision agriculture

     

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Rajni Gautam
  • 0
Rajni GautamBegginer
Asked: June 26, 2024In:
  • 0

Integrated pest management, or IPM, what is it? Outlining its goals, go over the different parts of IPM. (Answer in 150 words)

upsc: technology missions in agriculture
  1. Priyakshi Saikia
    Priyakshi Saikia Begginer

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic, science-based approach to managing pest populations in a manner that minimizes adverse effects on human health, the environment, and non-target organisms. Objectives of Integrated Pest Management are: Reduce Pest Populations: Maintain pest levels belowRead more

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic, science-based approach to managing pest populations in a manner that minimizes adverse effects on human health, the environment, and non-target organisms.

    Objectives of Integrated Pest Management are:

    1. Reduce Pest Populations: Maintain pest levels below those that cause economic or aesthetic damage.
    2. Minimize Environmental Impact: Implement practices that are safe for humans, beneficial organisms, and the ecosystem.
    3. Promote Long-term Solutions: Use sustainable methods to prevent future pest issues and reduce dependency on chemical pesticides.
    4. Enhance Economic Viability: Ensure pest management strategies are cost-effective and improve overall economic returns.
    5. Improve Pest Identification and Understanding: Develop better pest monitoring techniques and understand pest life cycles for more effective management.
    6. Encourage Stakeholder Participation: Engage farmers, land managers, and communities in pest management practices for a collaborative approach.

    Components of IPM:

    1. Monitoring and Identification: Regularly check for pests and accurately identify them to determine if control measures are necessary.
    2. Prevention: Implement practices to reduce the risk of pest infestations, such as crop rotation, resistant plant varieties, and proper sanitation.
    3. Control Strategies: Utilize a combination of methods, including biological controls (natural predators), cultural controls (altering farming practices), physical controls (traps, barriers), and chemical controls (pesticides as a last resort).
    4. Evaluation: Assess the effectiveness of the pest management strategies and adjust as necessary for future management.

    IPM is vital for sustainable pest management, balancing effectiveness with environmental and health considerations. In India, schemes like the National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) and acts such as the Insecticides Act, 1968, support IPM practices, reflecting its importance for agricultural development and sustainability.

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Daily Answer Writing Practice Questions (18 April 2025)

Do you agree with the claim that indecision and risk aversion are prevalent issues in Indian bureaucracy? Support your answer with logical reasoning. (150 words) ऐसा कहा जाता है कि भारतीय नौकरशाही में अनिर्णय और जोखिम से बचने की प्रवृत्ति ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

Strengthening India’s Cyber Defence

Rising Threats Digital Era Challenges: 2024 marks a significant rise in digital threats, particularly from AI and cyberattacks. Key Issues: Disinformation campaigns. Cyber fraud affecting daily life. Current Major Cyber Threats Ransomware Rampage: Over 48,000 instances of WannaCry ransomware detected ...

On: April 18, 2025 Comments: 0

भारत की साइबर सुरक्षा

बढ़ते खतरे कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (AI) और साइबर हमले: 2024 में AI और साइबर हमलों के खतरे में वृद्धि। महत्वपूर्ण अवसंरचना पर हमले: डिजिटल हमलों और दुष्प्रचार अभियानों की संभावना बढ़ी है। प्रमुख साइबर खतरें रैनसमवेयर का प्रकोप: 48,000 से अधिक ...

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