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Agriculture & Food Management

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Home/Indian Economy/Agriculture & Food Management/Page 12
  1. Asked: August 28, 2024In:

    What is Pradhanmantri Kisan Sampada (SAMPADA) Yojana? Mention its objectives and provisions. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]

    Hema Rangarajan
    Hema Rangarajan Learner

    Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada (SAMPADA) Yojana Overview Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (SAMPADA) is a central government initiative launched in 2016 aimed at enhancing the agricultural sector in India. It focuses on improving food processing infrastructure to benefit farmers and boost the agri-eRead more

    Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada (SAMPADA) Yojana

    Overview

    Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (SAMPADA) is a central government initiative launched in 2016 aimed at enhancing the agricultural sector in India. It focuses on improving food processing infrastructure to benefit farmers and boost the agri-economy.

    Objectives

    1. Boost Food Processing: Increase the value addition in the agricultural sector by enhancing food processing capabilities.
    2. Reduce Post-Harvest Losses: Improve storage, transportation, and processing infrastructure to minimize post-harvest losses.
    3. Create Jobs: Generate employment opportunities in rural and semi-urban areas through infrastructure development and processing units.

    Provisions

    1. Infrastructure Development: Financial support for cold storage chains, food processing units, and logistics.
    2. Subsidies and Grants: Subsidies for setting up processing units and technology upgrades.
    3. Skill Development: Training programs for farmers and entrepreneurs to enhance their skills in food processing.

    Recent Example

    The scheme has led to the establishment of several food processing units and cold storage facilities across states, thereby improving farmers’ income and reducing food wastage.

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  2. Asked: August 27, 2024In:

    विवेचना करें कि भारत में समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि एवं न्यायपूर्ण वितरण की नीति समावेशी विकास के लक्ष्यों को पूरा करने में किस हद तक सहायक रही हैं? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

    Kaveri Gaikwad
    Kaveri Gaikwad Begginer

    भारत में समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि एवं न्यायपूर्ण वितरण की नीति का समावेशी विकास पर प्रभाव समावेशी विकास के उद्देश्य: समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि: इस नीति का उद्देश्य उच्च आर्थिक विकास प्राप्त करना है, जबकि यह सुनिश्चित करना है कि विकास के लाभ समाज के सभी वर्गों तक पहुँचें। न्यायपूर्ण वितरण: इRead more

    भारत में समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि एवं न्यायपूर्ण वितरण की नीति का समावेशी विकास पर प्रभाव

    समावेशी विकास के उद्देश्य:

    • समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि: इस नीति का उद्देश्य उच्च आर्थिक विकास प्राप्त करना है, जबकि यह सुनिश्चित करना है कि विकास के लाभ समाज के सभी वर्गों तक पहुँचें।
    • न्यायपूर्ण वितरण: इसका तात्पर्य संसाधनों और अवसरों की समान और न्यायपूर्ण वितरण से है, जिससे विभिन्न सामाजिक-आर्थिक समूहों के बीच असमानता कम हो सके।

    नीति की सफलताएँ:

    • आर्थिक वृद्धि: भारत ने पिछले दशकों में महत्वपूर्ण आर्थिक वृद्धि देखी है। मेक इन इंडिया जैसी योजनाओं ने औद्योगिक विकास और रोजगार सृजन में योगदान किया है।
    • गरीबी में कमी: महात्मा गांधी राष्ट्रीय ग्रामीण रोजगार गारंटी अधिनियम (MGNREGA) जैसी योजनाओं ने ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में रोजगार के अवसर प्रदान किए, जिससे गरीबी में कमी आई है।
    • शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य में सुधार: राइट टू एजुकेशन एक्ट और आयुष्मान भारत जैसी योजनाओं ने शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं की पहुँच को बढ़ाया है, जो समावेशी विकास के लिए आवश्यक हैं।

    चुनौतियाँ और सीमाएँ:

    • असमानता की स्थिरता: आर्थिक विकास के बावजूद, आय असमानता बनी रही है। Oxfam रिपोर्ट 2022 के अनुसार, भारत में सबसे अमीर 1% के पास देश की कुल संपत्ति का एक बड़ा हिस्सा है।
    • क्षेत्रीय असमानताएँ: विकास असमान रहा है, जैसे कि बिहार और उत्तर प्रदेश जैसे राज्यों में विकास दर अधिक समृद्ध राज्यों की तुलना में कम रही है।
    • नौकरी की गुणवत्ता: कई नौकरियाँ असंगठित क्षेत्र में हैं, जिनमें सुरक्षा और वेतन की कमी है। COVID-19 महामारी के दौरान इन असंगठित श्रमिकों को विशेष रूप से नुकसान हुआ।

    हालिया उदाहरण:

    • किसान आंदोलन (2020-21): कृषि कानूनों के खिलाफ आंदोलन ने छोटे और सीमांत किसानों के मुद्दों को उजागर किया, जिससे स्पष्ट हुआ कि नीति निर्माण में किसानों की चिंताओं को ठीक से संबोधित करने की आवश्यकता है।
    • COVID-19 प्रभाव: महामारी ने असमानताओं को बढ़ाया, और प्रधानमंत्री गरीब कल्याण योजना जैसे राहत प्रयासों के बावजूद, कार्यान्वयन में चुनौतियाँ सामने आईं।

    निष्कर्ष: भारत ने समानता के साथ आर्थिक संवृद्धि और न्यायपूर्ण वितरण की नीति के माध्यम से कुछ उपलब्धियाँ प्राप्त की हैं, लेकिन समावेशी विकास के लक्ष्यों को पूरा करने में चुनौतियाँ अभी भी मौजूद हैं। इन चुनौतियों का समाधान करने के लिए नीति के कार्यान्वयन में सुधार और सामाजिक-आर्थिक असमानताओं को दूर करने की आवश्यकता है।

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  3. Asked: August 27, 2024In:

    Evaluate in brief the agriculture marketing reforms in India. Are they adequate? (200 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

    Vihaan Choudhury
    Vihaan Choudhury Learner

    Agriculture Marketing Reforms in India: Evaluation and Adequacy Reforms Overview: Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act Reforms: The introduction of model APMC Acts aims to improve market efficiency by allowing farmers to sell directly to buyers outside traditional APMC markets. This wasRead more

    Agriculture Marketing Reforms in India: Evaluation and Adequacy

    Reforms Overview:

    1. Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act Reforms: The introduction of model APMC Acts aims to improve market efficiency by allowing farmers to sell directly to buyers outside traditional APMC markets. This was seen in the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020, which seeks to create an open market environment.
    2. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market): Launched in 2016, e-NAM is an electronic trading platform designed to integrate agricultural markets across states, providing farmers with better access to markets and price discovery. As of 2024, over 1000 mandis are connected through e-NAM.
    3. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): The DBT scheme for subsidies aims to reduce leakages and ensure that benefits reach farmers directly. The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) is an example, providing financial assistance to small and marginal farmers.

    Recent Examples:

    1. Farm Laws Repeal (2021): The controversial farm laws introduced in 2020, including the Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce Act and Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, were repealed in response to widespread protests, highlighting the complexities and challenges of agricultural reforms.
    2. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme: The expansion of the KCC scheme to cover fisheries and animal husbandry sectors is a step towards supporting all aspects of agriculture. This reform aims to improve credit access for farmers.

    Adequacy:

    While the reforms aim to modernize agriculture marketing and improve farmer incomes, their adequacy is debated:

    1. Implementation Issues: Despite the legislative changes, the actual impact on ground-level practices remains limited due to resistance from local traders, lack of infrastructure, and enforcement challenges.
    2. Farmer Protests: The repeal of the farm laws underscores significant resistance and the need for more inclusive and transparent policy-making processes.
    3. Infrastructure Gaps: There are ongoing concerns regarding infrastructure development, particularly in remote areas, which hinders the effectiveness of reforms.

    Conclusion:

    Agriculture marketing reforms in India have made strides towards modernizing the sector, but challenges in implementation, infrastructure, and stakeholder resistance suggest that while the reforms are a step in the right direction, they are not yet fully adequate. Continued efforts are required to address these issues and ensure comprehensive benefits for farmers.

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  4. Asked: August 27, 2024In:

    Explain the challenges of food security in India. How can they be removed? Explain. (200 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

    Vihaan Choudhury
    Vihaan Choudhury Learner

    Challenges of Food Security in India and Their Solutions Challenges: Population Growth: Rapid population growth has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on existing agricultural resources. By 2030, India’s population is expected to reach 1.5 billion, further straining food security. ClimaRead more

    Challenges of Food Security in India and Their Solutions

    Challenges:

    1. Population Growth: Rapid population growth has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on existing agricultural resources. By 2030, India’s population is expected to reach 1.5 billion, further straining food security.
    2. Climate Change: Extreme weather events such as floods and droughts disrupt crop production. For instance, the 2020 monsoon season in India saw severe flooding in several states, damaging crops and affecting food availability.
    3. Agricultural Inefficiencies: Low productivity due to outdated farming techniques and lack of investment in technology impacts food production. Despite advances, many farmers still rely on traditional methods, leading to inefficient use of resources.
    4. Poverty and Inequality: A significant portion of the population, particularly in rural areas, lacks access to adequate food due to poverty. According to the World Bank, about 22% of India’s population lives below the poverty line.

    Solutions:

    1. Technological Advancements: Investment in modern farming techniques and technologies, such as precision agriculture and genetic modification, can enhance productivity. For example, the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties can boost production.
    2. Climate-Resilient Crops: Developing and promoting climate-resilient crops can mitigate the impact of climate change. Initiatives like the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture focus on improving crop resilience.
    3. Infrastructure Improvement: Enhancing food storage and transportation infrastructure can reduce post-harvest losses. Investments in cold storage facilities and efficient supply chains are crucial.
    4. Social Welfare Programs: Expanding and improving social welfare programs like the Public Distribution System (PDS) can ensure better food access for the poor. Recent reforms aim to increase transparency and efficiency in food distribution.

    Conclusion: Addressing food security challenges in India requires a multi-faceted approach involving technological innovation, climate adaptation, infrastructure development, and effective social welfare programs. Implementing these measures can significantly enhance food security and ensure that all citizens have access to sufficient and nutritious food.

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  5. Asked: August 27, 2024In:

    Explain the impact of green revolution on small and marginal farmers. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2019]

    Sanaya Gowda
    Sanaya Gowda Begginer

    Impact of Green Revolution on Small and Marginal Farmers **1. Positive Impacts: Increased Productivity: The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding varieties of crops and modern farming techniques, which increased overall productivity. Small and marginal farmers benefited from improved seed varietRead more

    Impact of Green Revolution on Small and Marginal Farmers

    **1. Positive Impacts:

    • Increased Productivity: The Green Revolution introduced high-yielding varieties of crops and modern farming techniques, which increased overall productivity. Small and marginal farmers benefited from improved seed varieties and access to better irrigation facilities.
    • Economic Gains: Paddy and wheat production saw significant increases, leading to higher incomes for those who adopted these technologies effectively.

    **2. Negative Impacts:

    • Inequitable Benefits: Small and marginal farmers, who often lack resources, struggled to adopt expensive technologies like chemical fertilizers and pesticides, leading to unequal benefits. Large farmers, with better access to capital, saw greater improvements.
    • Environmental Degradation: Over-reliance on chemical inputs led to soil degradation and water shortages, affecting long-term sustainability.

    **3. Recent Examples:

    • Punjab: The state saw initial benefits with increased wheat production, but small farmers faced issues of debt and land degradation due to intensive farming practices.

    Conclusion: While the Green Revolution significantly boosted agricultural productivity, its benefits were uneven, with small and marginal farmers facing challenges related to resource access and environmental sustainability.

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  6. Asked: August 24, 2024In:

    What are the causes of low agricultural productivity in India? (125 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

    Yash Malhotra
    Yash Malhotra Begginer

    Causes of Low Agricultural Productivity in India 1. Insufficient Irrigation Facilities: Lack of irrigation infrastructure leads to heavy reliance on monsoon rains, making agriculture vulnerable to weather fluctuations. For example, regions like Vidarbha experience frequent droughts affecting crop yiRead more

    Causes of Low Agricultural Productivity in India

    1. Insufficient Irrigation Facilities: Lack of irrigation infrastructure leads to heavy reliance on monsoon rains, making agriculture vulnerable to weather fluctuations. For example, regions like Vidarbha experience frequent droughts affecting crop yields.

    2. Limited Access to Modern Technology: Farmers often use obsolete farming techniques and lack access to modern machinery and high-yield seeds, resulting in low productivity. Initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) aim to address these gaps but progress is uneven.

    3. Soil Degradation and Erosion: Soil health is compromised due to overuse of chemical fertilizers, leading to decreased fertility and productivity. Programs like Soil Health Management are underway to improve soil quality, yet challenges remain.

    4. Fragmented Land Holdings: Small and fragmented landholdings make it difficult to use efficient farming methods and economies of scale. The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) seeks to address these issues through consolidation and better land management practices.

    5. Inadequate Research and Extension Services: Limited extension services and lack of up-to-date research hinder the adoption of best practices. The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) are working to bridge this gap, but coverage is inconsistent.

    In summary, addressing these multifaceted issues is crucial to improving agricultural productivity in India.

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  7. Asked: August 24, 2024In:

    Indian food processing industry has not grown iwth the pace of developed countries." Discuss it. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2020]

    Yash Malhotra
    Yash Malhotra Begginer

    Growth of Indian Food Processing Industry Current Status: The Indian food processing industry is a significant sector but has not grown at the pace seen in developed countries. It contributes around 10% to the country's GDP and employs 13 million people, yet lags in efficiency and technological advaRead more

    Growth of Indian Food Processing Industry

    Current Status: The Indian food processing industry is a significant sector but has not grown at the pace seen in developed countries. It contributes around 10% to the country’s GDP and employs 13 million people, yet lags in efficiency and technological advancement.

    Challenges:

    1. Infrastructure Deficiencies: Poor cold storage and transport logistics impact supply chain efficiency and product quality.
    2. Investment Gaps: Limited private investment and R&D expenditure restrict growth and innovation.
    3. Regulatory Hurdles: Complex regulations and bureaucratic delays hamper ease of doing business.

    Recent Developments: The Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY) aims to boost infrastructure and modernize the sector. Additionally, the Food Processing Mission seeks to enhance food safety standards and promote value addition.

    In conclusion, while the Indian food processing industry has potential, it faces challenges that must be addressed to align with global growth rates.

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  8. Asked: August 23, 2024In:

    What are the impediments in marketing and supply chain management in developing the food processing industry in India? Can e-commerce help in overcoming these bottlenecks? (200 words) [UPSC 2015]

    Shankar Rajput
    Shankar Rajput Begginer

    Impediments in Marketing and Supply Chain Management in Developing the Food Processing Industry in India Fragmented Supply Chain: The Indian food processing sector faces a highly fragmented supply chain. Farmers often have to deal with multiple intermediaries, which leads to increased costs and wastRead more

    Impediments in Marketing and Supply Chain Management in Developing the Food Processing Industry in India

    1. Fragmented Supply Chain: The Indian food processing sector faces a highly fragmented supply chain. Farmers often have to deal with multiple intermediaries, which leads to increased costs and wastage. For instance, perishable goods like fruits and vegetables often suffer from poor handling and transport inefficiencies, resulting in significant post-harvest losses.
    2. Inadequate Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure, including cold storage facilities and transportation networks, hampers the efficiency of the food supply chain. For example, a lack of cold storage in rural areas can lead to spoilage of dairy products and meats.
    3. Regulatory Challenges: The food processing industry is burdened by complex regulations and compliance issues. Stringent and often inconsistent regulations can create barriers to entry and operational difficulties for companies.
    4. Limited Access to Technology: Many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the sector lack access to modern technology and efficient processing methods, impacting their ability to scale and improve quality.

    Role of E-Commerce in Overcoming Bottlenecks

    E-commerce can play a significant role in mitigating these challenges:

    • Direct Market Access: Platforms like BigBasket and Amazon Pantry enable farmers and producers to reach consumers directly, bypassing intermediaries and reducing costs.
    • Improved Distribution: E-commerce platforms often collaborate with logistics companies to ensure efficient delivery and better handling of products, thereby addressing some infrastructure issues.
    • Technological Integration: E-commerce can provide technology and data analytics that help in demand forecasting and inventory management, improving overall supply chain efficiency.

    In summary, while significant impediments exist, e-commerce offers promising solutions to streamline marketing and supply chain processes in the Indian food processing industry.

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  9. Asked: August 23, 2024In:

    How can the ‘Digital India’ program help farmers to improve farm productivity and income? What steps has the Government taken in this regard? (200 words) [UPSC 2015]

    Pulkit Kohli
    Pulkit Kohli Begginer

    Introduction The 'Digital India' program aims to enhance digital infrastructure and services across various sectors, including agriculture. It has the potential to transform farming by improving productivity and income for farmers through digital means. Enhancing Farm Productivity Access to Real-TimRead more

    Introduction
    The ‘Digital India’ program aims to enhance digital infrastructure and services across various sectors, including agriculture. It has the potential to transform farming by improving productivity and income for farmers through digital means.

    Enhancing Farm Productivity

    1. Access to Real-Time Information: Through initiatives like the Kisan Suvidha App and e-NAM (National Agriculture Market), farmers can access real-time information on weather forecasts, market prices, and best agricultural practices. For instance, the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) leverages technology to provide precise weather data and irrigation solutions, which helps farmers optimize their water usage and crop planning.
    2. Precision Farming: Digital tools such as satellite imagery and drones are used for soil health monitoring and crop management. The Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) has digitized land records, helping farmers make informed decisions about crop rotation and land use.

    Increasing Farmers’ Income

    1. Market Access: The e-NAM platform connects farmers with buyers across the country, enabling better price realization for their produce. The platform eliminates middlemen, ensuring that farmers get a fair price for their crops.
    2. Financial Inclusion: Digital banking and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) schemes, facilitated by the Digital India initiative, have improved financial inclusion for farmers. The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) uses digital platforms to streamline insurance claims and subsidy disbursements.

    Government Initiatives

    1. Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme: Integration with digital systems has made it easier for farmers to access credit. The scheme now features digital application processes and real-time tracking of loan status.
    2. Agri-Tech Startups: The government has supported various agri-tech startups through funding and incubators, enhancing the reach and impact of digital solutions in agriculture.

    In summary, the ‘Digital India’ program provides critical tools and platforms that help farmers enhance productivity and income, with ongoing government efforts to expand and improve these digital interventions.

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  10. Asked: August 23, 2024In:

    Livestock rearing has a big potential for providing non-farm employment and income in rural areas. Discuss suggesting suitable measures to promote this sector in India. (200 words) [UPSC 2015]

    Pulkit Kohli
    Pulkit Kohli Begginer

    Livestock rearing holds significant potential for boosting non-farm employment and income in rural India, offering opportunities for diversification beyond traditional agriculture. To harness this potential effectively, several measures can be adopted: Training and Education: Implement comprehensiveRead more

    Livestock rearing holds significant potential for boosting non-farm employment and income in rural India, offering opportunities for diversification beyond traditional agriculture. To harness this potential effectively, several measures can be adopted:

    1. Training and Education: Implement comprehensive training programs for farmers and potential livestock rearers on modern rearing techniques, animal health management, and efficient feed practices. This can be done through agricultural extension services and partnerships with veterinary colleges.
    2. Access to Finance: Facilitate easy access to credit and insurance for livestock farmers. Government schemes like the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) can be expanded to include more flexible loan options and insurance packages tailored for livestock rearing.
    3. Infrastructure Development: Invest in rural infrastructure such as veterinary clinics, feed supply chains, and cold storage facilities. Improved infrastructure will enhance the quality of livestock products and reduce post-harvest losses.
    4. Market Linkages: Establish robust market linkages by creating cooperatives and farmer producer organizations (FPOs) to help farmers access better markets and negotiate better prices for their products.
    5. Disease Control and Health Services: Strengthen veterinary services and disease control programs to prevent livestock diseases and ensure the health of animals, which is crucial for sustainable production.
    6. Government Incentives: Provide subsidies for feed, veterinary care, and infrastructure development. Implement policies that support the growth of the livestock sector, such as tax benefits and investment incentives.

    By addressing these areas, the potential of livestock rearing as a source of employment and income in rural India can be effectively realized.

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