Economics of Animal-Rearing
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Analyze the role of animal husbandry in the Indian agricultural economy, particularly in terms of its contribution to livelihood security, income generation, and nutritional outcomes, and discuss the measures taken by the government to promote the sustainable development of this sector.
Role of Animal Husbandry in the Indian Agricultural Economy 1. Contribution to Livelihood Security Livelihood Diversification Economic Stability: Animal husbandry provides an essential source of income for millions of rural households, particularly small and marginal farmers. It diversifies income sRead more
Role of Animal Husbandry in the Indian Agricultural Economy
1. Contribution to Livelihood Security
Livelihood Diversification
Employment Generation
2. Income Generation
Revenue from Livestock Products
Value Addition
3. Nutritional Outcomes
Food Security
Diverse Diet
4. Measures Taken by the Government
National Action Plan for Dairy Development
Livestock Health and Breeding Programs
Support for Poultry and Fisheries
Promotion of Sustainable Practices
5. Challenges and Future Directions
Challenges
Future Directions
6. Conclusion
Animal husbandry plays a critical role in the Indian agricultural economy by providing livelihood security, generating income, and improving nutritional outcomes. Government measures such as the National Dairy Plan, breed improvement programs, and sustainable farming practices have been instrumental in promoting sector development. However, challenges like disease management and infrastructure gaps need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of animal husbandry in contributing to India’s agricultural and economic growth.
See lessDiscuss the role of the livestock insurance schemes, such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) and the Livestock Insurance Scheme, in mitigating the risks and the vulnerabilities associated with animal-rearing activities, and analyze the measures required to improve the coverage, the accessibility, and the effectiveness of these schemes.
Role of Livestock Insurance Schemes in Mitigating Risks and Vulnerabilities Livestock insurance schemes, including the Livestock Insurance Scheme and the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), play a critical role in mitigating risks and vulnerabilities associated with animal-rearing activities.Read more
Role of Livestock Insurance Schemes in Mitigating Risks and Vulnerabilities
Livestock insurance schemes, including the Livestock Insurance Scheme and the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), play a critical role in mitigating risks and vulnerabilities associated with animal-rearing activities. These schemes provide financial protection against losses due to diseases, accidents, and other unforeseen events, helping farmers manage risks more effectively. This analysis discusses the role of these schemes and examines measures required to enhance their coverage, accessibility, and effectiveness.
1. Role of Livestock Insurance Schemes
a. Risk Mitigation:
i. Financial Protection: Livestock insurance provides financial compensation to farmers for losses incurred due to disease, accidents, or natural calamities, thus reducing the financial burden:
ii. Enhanced Risk Management: Insurance schemes enable farmers to manage risks more effectively, improving their resilience against shocks:
b. Improving Livelihood Security:
i. Income Stability: By providing financial support in case of livestock loss, insurance schemes help stabilize farmers’ incomes:
ii. Encouraging Investment: Insurance schemes can encourage farmers to invest more in their livestock, knowing that they have a safety net:
2. Challenges in Coverage, Accessibility, and Effectiveness
a. Coverage Limitations:
i. Limited Scope: Current livestock insurance schemes often have limited coverage, excluding certain risks or types of livestock:
ii. Inadequate Payouts: Insurance payouts may not always reflect the full value of losses, leading to inadequate compensation:
b. Accessibility Issues:
i. Geographical Disparities: Access to livestock insurance varies significantly across different regions, with rural and remote areas often facing challenges:
ii. Awareness and Education: Lack of awareness and understanding of insurance schemes among farmers can limit their uptake:
c. Effectiveness and Administrative Challenges:
i. Delays in Claim Settlement: Delays in processing and settling insurance claims can undermine the effectiveness of the schemes:
ii. Fraud and Mismanagement: Issues related to fraud and mismanagement can affect the reliability and effectiveness of insurance schemes:
3. Measures to Improve Coverage, Accessibility, and Effectiveness
a. Expanding Coverage:
i. Comprehensive Coverage: Expanding insurance schemes to cover a wider range of risks and types of livestock:
ii. Adequate Payouts: Ensuring that compensation amounts reflect the actual market value of livestock:
b. Enhancing Accessibility:
i. Improved Outreach: Increasing awareness and education about livestock insurance among farmers:
ii. Regional Support: Expanding the reach of insurance services to remote and underserved areas:
c. Enhancing Effectiveness:
i. Streamlined Claims Processing: Implementing efficient and transparent systems for processing and settling claims:
ii. Monitoring and Evaluation: Regularly monitoring and evaluating insurance schemes to ensure effectiveness and address issues:
Conclusion
Livestock insurance schemes play a crucial role in mitigating risks and enhancing the resilience of farmers engaged in animal-rearing activities. By providing financial protection and stabilizing incomes, these schemes contribute significantly to livelihood security. However, challenges related to coverage limitations, accessibility, and administrative effectiveness need to be addressed. Expanding coverage, enhancing accessibility, and improving effectiveness through strategic measures and efficient administration can help maximize the benefits of livestock insurance schemes and support the broader goal of sustainable agricultural development.
See lessEvaluate the potential of the integration of animal-rearing activities with other agricultural enterprises, such as crop production, horticulture, and agro-forestry, in enhancing the overall resource use efficiency, the income diversification, and the resilience of the farming systems, and discuss the measures required to facilitate this integration.
The integration of animal-rearing activities with other agricultural enterprises, such as crop production, horticulture, and agroforestry, holds significant potential in enhancing resource use efficiency, income diversification, and the resilience of farming systems. Here's an evaluation of this potRead more
The integration of animal-rearing activities with other agricultural enterprises, such as crop production, horticulture, and agroforestry, holds significant potential in enhancing resource use efficiency, income diversification, and the resilience of farming systems. Here’s an evaluation of this potential and the measures required to facilitate this integration:
1. Enhanced Resource Use Efficiency:
2. Income Diversification:
3. Improved Resilience:
Measures required to facilitate the integration of animal-rearing with other agricultural enterprises:
1. Promote Knowledge Sharing and Extension Services:
2. Develop Enabling Policies and Incentives:
3. Invest in Research and Innovation:
4. Facilitate Access to Finance and Risk Management:
5. Strengthen Institutional Coordination and Partnerships:
By implementing these measures, the integration of animal-rearing with other agricultural enterprises can be facilitated, leading to enhanced resource use efficiency, income diversification, and the overall resilience of farming systems, ultimately contributing to the sustainability and prosperity of the agricultural sector.
See lessAssess the role of technological interventions, such as the use of electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems, in improving the productivity, the efficiency, and the profitability of animal-rearing enterprises, and discuss the measures required to enable the widespread adoption of these technologies.
The role of technological interventions in improving the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises is significant and multi-faceted. Here's an assessment of the impact of technologies like electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems,Read more
The role of technological interventions in improving the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises is significant and multi-faceted. Here’s an assessment of the impact of technologies like electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems, as well as the measures required to enable their widespread adoption:
1. Electronic Identification:
2. Precision Feeding:
3. Automated Monitoring Systems:
Measures required to enable the widespread adoption of these technologies:
1. Accessible and affordable technology:
2. Capacity building and training:
3. Regulatory frameworks and standards:
4. Knowledge-sharing and collaboration:
5. Enabling infrastructure and connectivity:
By addressing these measures, the widespread adoption of electronic identification, precision feeding, and automated monitoring systems can significantly enhance the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of animal-rearing enterprises, while also promoting sustainable and responsible practices.
See lessExplaining the concept of livestock-based Integrated Farming System (IFS), discuss its benefits.
Integrated Farming System (IFS) comprises interdependent, interrelated, often interlocking production systems based on few crops, animals and related subsidiary enterprises in a way that maximizes the utilization of nutrients of each system and minimizes the negative effect of these enterprises on tRead more
Integrated Farming System (IFS) comprises interdependent, interrelated, often interlocking production systems based on few crops, animals and related subsidiary enterprises in a way that maximizes the utilization of nutrients of each system and minimizes the negative effect of these enterprises on the environment. It involves the utilization of primary produce and secondary produce of one system, as basic input of the other system, thus making them mutually integrated as one whole unit. The livestock-based IFS involves fish culture, livestock raising and agriculture. For instance, fishcum-pig farming. In such farming, the waste product of livestock (pig) is used as a manure for growth of Zooplanktons and Phytoplanktons in a pond, which act as a source of nutrients for the fish. The biomass rich bottom soil layer of the pond is removed periodically and used for crop or vegetable farming.
Benefits of Livestock-based Integrated Farming System (IFS)
Livestock-based IFS has been traditionally done in India, especially in the North-Eastern Region and can be emphasised all over India for doubling farmers’ income. For developing countries, sustainable agriculture holds the promise of addressing socio-economic and environmental challenges leading to sustainable development. And, the closed-cycle nature of IFS can play a critical role in achieving the above objectives.
See lessWaste Management Solutions
Innovative waste management solutions for animal manure focus on minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. One effective method is anaerobic digestion, which converts manure into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. Biogas, primarily methane, can be used as a renewable energy source, reducinRead more
Innovative waste management solutions for animal manure focus on minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution. One effective method is anaerobic digestion, which converts manure into biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. Biogas, primarily methane, can be used as a renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Digestate serves as a valuable fertilizer, enhancing soil health without chemical inputs.
Another solution is composting, which stabilizes manure, reducing its volume and transforming it into a nutrient-rich soil amendment. Advanced composting techniques, such as aerated static pile composting, can further minimize emissions by optimizing oxygen levels and microbial activity.
Manure-to-energy technologies, such as pyrolysis and gasification, thermally decompose manure to produce biochar and syngas. Biochar sequesters carbon, improving soil fertility and reducing greenhouse gases when applied to soil. Syngas can be used for energy generation, contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
Precision feeding and diet adjustments for livestock also play a crucial role by reducing the volume and nutrient content of manure, thereby decreasing potential pollutants. Implementing nutrient management plans ensures the appropriate application of manure to fields, minimizing runoff and water pollution.
These innovative solutions collectively offer sustainable waste management practices that address environmental challenges associated with animal manure.
See lessHow do women contribute to livestock rearing in India? What are the issues currently faced by women in the livestock sector in India?
The livestock sector is one of the most rapidly growing components of the rural economy of India, accounting for 5% of national income and 28% of agricultural GDP in 2018-19. In the last six years, the livestock sector grew at 7.9% (at constant prices) while crop farming grew by 2%. Livestock contriRead more
The livestock sector is one of the most rapidly growing components of the rural economy of India, accounting for 5% of national income and 28% of agricultural GDP in 2018-19. In the last six years, the livestock sector grew at 7.9% (at constant prices) while crop farming grew by 2%. Livestock contribute significantly to the income of poor households, particularly the income controlled by women, and enables poor and landless women to earn income using common-property resources.
Contribution of women to livestock rearing in India
Issues faced by women in the livestock sector in India
In view of these challenges, it is pertinent to ensure that women are included in every stage of decision-making and development of the livestock sector and their invisibility in the official statistics is corrected.
See lessIn light of the challenges posed by livestock diseases, discuss the steps taken by the government to address them.
According to the 20th Livestock Census, 2019, India's livestock sector, with a total population of 535.82 million, is one of the largest in the world. This sector contributed 16 percent to the income of small farm households besides offering livelihoods to two-thirds of rural communities. It also prRead more
According to the 20th Livestock Census, 2019, India’s livestock sector, with a total population of 535.82 million, is one of the largest in the world. This sector contributed 16 percent to the income of small farm households besides offering livelihoods to two-thirds of rural communities. It also provides employment to about 8.8% of the population in India. One of the biggest impediments to the growth of this sector is the large-scale prevalence of diseases like Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Anthrax, Classical Swine Fever (CSF), Avian Influenza (AI), etc., which pose the following challenges:
In this regard, the government has taken various steps to tackle the risk of livestock diseases:
The livestock sector can help alleviate rural poverty and improving this sector can go a long way in doubling farmers’ income besides providing an alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is a need to work towards better disease control management and provide incentives for the same by the government.
See lessPoor quality and inadequate availability of feeds and fodder are the major reasons behind the low productivity of the livestock in India. Discuss.
As per the Integrated Sample Survey, the average annual productivity of cattle in India (1777 kg per animal per year) is quite low when compared with global averages (2699 per kg per animal per year). The major causes of low productivity are both intrinsic (low genetic potential) and extrinsic (poorRead more
As per the Integrated Sample Survey, the average annual productivity of cattle in India (1777 kg per animal per year) is quite low when compared with global averages (2699 per kg per animal per year). The major causes of low productivity are both intrinsic (low genetic potential) and extrinsic (poor nutrition/feed management, inferior farm management practices, ineffective veterinary and extension services, and inefficient implementation of breed improvement programs). The poor quality and inadequate availability of feed and fodder are considered the major ones. According to the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, there is a deficit of 23.4 percent in the availability of dry fodder, 11.24 percent in that of green fodder, and 28.9 percent for concentrates. It is due to the following reasons:
Measures to improve quality and quantity of fodder:
With an increasing livestock population, there is a need to ensure the timely availability of nutritionally rich feed for the livestock. The government has taken some steps in this regard such as there are plans to use MGNREGA to develop fodder farms, develop fodder FPOs, promote quality seeds and entrepreneurs in fodder production, connecting the deficit states with surplus fodder-producing states.
See lessCan re-energising the livestock sector be the key to sustainable livelihood and increasing the income of Indian farmers? Give reasons in support of your answer.
The livestock sector contributes about 4.11% to the GDP and around 25.6% to the agricultural GDP. As per the 20th Livestock Census (2019), the total livestock population shows an increase of 4.6 per cent over the Livestock Census of 2012. Though there has been an increase in the livestock populationRead more
The livestock sector contributes about 4.11% to the GDP and around 25.6% to the agricultural GDP. As per the 20th Livestock Census (2019), the total livestock population shows an increase of 4.6 per cent over the Livestock Census of 2012.
Though there has been an increase in the livestock population, the livestock sector has been grappling with wider challenges that confront its growth and productivity, such as:
In view of the above-mentioned challenges, there is a need to re-energise the livestock sector in order to ensure sustainable livelihood and increase the income of Indian farmers. In this context, the following measures can be taken to enhance the growth of the sector:
Additionally, existing schemes like the National Livestock Mission (NLM), Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund (AHIDF), National Programme for Dairy Development Fund (NPDD), Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM), etc. need enhanced support and impetus in the form of enhanced budgetary allocation and clear objectives to improve the productivity of the sector.
See less