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Changes in Geographical Features

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Home/World Geography/Changes in Geographical Features

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Anant Raj
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Anant RajBegginer
Asked: July 21, 2024In: , , , ,
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climate change
  1. Mrigank Borah
    Mrigank Borah Begginer

    There are various speculations regarding the next World War, i.e., World War 3. Many world leaders, often mention that we are in a grave situation already, and a few mistakes away from triggering a world war. It is usually debated that the next world war will be fought using deadly forces like atomiRead more

    There are various speculations regarding the next World War, i.e., World War 3. Many world leaders, often mention that we are in a grave situation already, and a few mistakes away from triggering a world war. It is usually debated that the next world war will be fought using deadly forces like atomic weapons, chemical weapons, and biological weapons.

    There are more than twelve thousand nuclear weapons across the world now. Just two atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan during the Second World War brought a nuclear winter after destroying millions of lives. Even if just 100 current-day atomic weapons were used in the Third World War, it would be a catastrophe for the environment, causing irreversible changes to our climate. An increase in temperature, atomic dust and subsequent high radiation clouds spreading miles and miles will make our atmosphere impenetrable to sunlight. This might usher in another ice age, causing an extinction-level climate change.

    Similarly, using deadly chemicals may pollute our rivers, destroying aquatic flora and fauna. Such acts will bring ecological imbalance and eventually will cause major climate change.

    Biological weapons, similarly can be harmful not only to humans but also other species. Such warfare will also destroy ecosystem homeostasis. The next world war will be bad for the climate.

     

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falguni Chauhan
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falguni ChauhanBegginer
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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how climate change is affecting the policy making in international forums? do you think the present international community is taking any considerate steps to tackle this issue?

  1. Brahma Teja
    Brahma Teja Begginer

    Climate change impacts the world in numerous ways: Rising Temperatures: Global temperatures are increasing, causing more frequent and intense heatwaves. Sea Level Rise: Melting polar ice and glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities with flooding. Extreme Weather: TheRead more

    Climate change impacts the world in numerous ways:

    Rising Temperatures: Global temperatures are increasing, causing more frequent and intense heatwaves.

    Sea Level Rise: Melting polar ice and glaciers contribute to rising sea levels, threatening coastal communities with flooding.

    Extreme Weather: There’s an increased frequency of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts, causing widespread damage.

    Ecosystem Disruption: Species are forced to migrate, and some face extinction as their habitats change, disrupting ecosystems.

    Food and Water Security: Altered weather patterns affect crop yields and water availability, leading to food and water shortages.

    Human Health: There is a greater incidence of heat-related illnesses, respiratory issues, and the spread of vector-borne diseases due to changing climates.

    Efforts to mitigate climate change focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to renewable energy sources. Adaptation strategies include improving infrastructure resilience, developing sustainable agricultural practices, and enhancing early warning systems for extreme weather events. These combined efforts aim to minimize the adverse effects of climate change on human and ecological systems.

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Akhilraj N.S
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Akhilraj N.SBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , ,
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question
  1. Deeksha Soni
    Deeksha Soni Begginer

    Rising sea level is one of the major outcomes of climate change and increases negative climate effects. This increase in ocean water will severely affect the coastal areas in all sectors, but most importantly it can damage the back bone of livelihood that is economy. Rising sea levels can have severRead more

    Rising sea level is one of the major outcomes of climate change and increases negative climate effects. This increase in ocean water will severely affect the coastal areas in all sectors, but most importantly it can damage the back bone of livelihood that is economy.

    Rising sea levels can have several significant economic impacts on coastal communities worldwide:-

    1. **Property Damage and Losses**: Coastal properties are at risk of damage or complete destruction due to flooding and erosion caused by rising sea levels. This can lead to substantial financial losses for property owners, insurers, and local governments.

    2. **Infrastructure Costs**: Coastal infrastructure such as roads, bridges, ports, and utilities may need to be reinforced, relocated, or redesigned to withstand higher sea levels and increased flooding risks. These upgrades can be costly and may strain local budgets.

    3. **Loss of Land and Displacement**: Low-lying coastal areas may become uninhabitable due to frequent flooding, leading to displacement of residents and loss of valuable land for agriculture, industry, and housing.

    4. **Impact on Tourism**: Many coastal communities rely heavily on tourism for their economy. Rising sea levels can degrade beaches, damage resorts, and reduce the attractiveness of coastal destinations, thus impacting tourism revenues.

    5. **Impact on Fisheries and Aquaculture**: Coastal fisheries and aquaculture operations may be negatively affected by changes in ocean salinity, habitat degradation, and loss of coastal ecosystems that are essential for fish breeding and shellfish cultivation.

    6. **Increased Insurance Costs**: Higher risks of flooding and storm surges can lead to increased insurance premiums for property owners and businesses in coastal areas, as insurers adjust for greater potential losses.

    7. **Erosion of Natural Defenses**: Coastal wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs serve as natural defenses against storm surges and erosion. Rising sea levels can accelerate the degradation of these ecosystems, reducing their effectiveness and increasing the need for artificial coastal defenses.

    8. **Disruption of Supply Chains**: Ports and coastal shipping routes may be disrupted or become less efficient due to sea level rise, affecting global and regional trade networks and increasing transportation costs.

    9. **Health and Social Costs**: Increased flooding can pose health risks due to waterborne diseases and contamination of drinking water sources. Social costs include the disruption of communities and loss of cultural heritage in affected coastal areas.

    10. **Financial Stress on Local Governments**: Local governments may face financial stress from the cumulative costs of adaptation measures, emergency response, and recovery efforts following extreme weather events exacerbated by rising sea levels.

    These impacts highlight the urgent need for coordinated efforts at local, national, and international levels to mitigate climate change, adapt to rising sea levels, and build resilient coastal communities.

    Rising sea level is the outcomes of climate change. This severely affects the coastal areas in all sectors, along with the back bone of livelihood that is economy.

    Following are several significant economic impacts on coastal communities worldwide:-

    1. **Property Damage and Losses**: Coastal properties are at risk of damage or complete destruction, leading to substantial financial losses.

    2. **Infrastructure Costs**: Coastal infrastructure such as roads, bridges, ports, and utilities may need to be reinforced, relocated, or redesigned. These upgrades can be costly and may strain local budgets.

    3. **Loss of Land and Displacement**: Low-lying coastal areas may become uninhabitable, leading to displacement of residents and loss of valuable land for agriculture, industry, and housing.

    4. **Impact on Tourism**: Rising sea levels can degrade beaches, damage resorts, and reduce the attractiveness of coastal destinations, thus impacting tourism revenues.

    5. **Impact on Fisheries and Aquaculture**: Coastal fisheries and aquaculture operations may be negatively affected by changes in ocean salinity, habitat degradation, and loss of coastal ecosystems that are essential for fish breeding and cultivation.

    6. **Increased Insurance Costs**: Higher risks of flooding and storm surges can lead to increased insurance premiums for property owners and businesses in coastal areas, as insurers adjust for greater potential losses.

    7. **Erosion of Natural Defenses**: Coastal wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs serve as natural defenses against storm surges and erosion. Rising sea levels can accelerate the degradation of these ecosystems, reducing their effectiveness and increasing the need for artificial coastal defenses.

    8. **Disruption of Supply Chains**: Ports and coastal shipping routes may be disrupted due to sea level rise, affecting global and regional trade networks and increasing transportation costs.

    9. **Health and Social Costs**: Increased flooding can pose health risks due to waterborne diseases and contamination of drinking water sources.

    10. **Financial Stress on Local Governments**: Local governments may face financial stress from the cumulative costs of adaptation measures, emergency response, and recovery efforts.

    This highlights the urgent need for coordinated efforts at local to global levels to take steps against climate change.

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Tauseef
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TauseefBegginer
Asked: July 14, 2024In: ,
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Examine the concept of cooperative federalism in India and critically analyze its implementation in addressing contemporary governance challenges. Provide examples to support your arguments?

question
  1. Tasleem Shaik
    Tasleem Shaik Begginer

    Cooperative federalism in India refers to a collaborative approach between the central government and state governments to achieve shared goals while respecting regional autonomy. The concept aims to balance national unity with regional diversity, particularly crucial in a diverse nation like India.Read more

    Cooperative federalism in India refers to a collaborative approach between the central government and state governments to achieve shared goals while respecting regional autonomy. The concept aims to balance national unity with regional diversity, particularly crucial in a diverse nation like India. However, its implementation faces significant challenges.

    One key challenge is the uneven distribution of power and resources between the center and states, which can hinder effective cooperation. For instance, disputes over fiscal autonomy often arise, impacting joint initiatives in areas like infrastructure development and social welfare.

    Moreover, political differences among states and between states and the center sometimes lead to friction, affecting policy implementation and coordination. For example, disagreements over water-sharing agreements between neighboring states highlight governance complexities despite cooperative intentions.

    Nevertheless, cooperative federalism has seen successes. Initiatives like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) illustrate efforts to streamline taxation across states, promoting economic integration. Similarly, joint efforts in disaster management and healthcare demonstrate cooperative federalism’s potential in tackling shared challenges.

    In conclusion, while cooperative federalism in India fosters collaboration, addressing governance challenges requires addressing disparities in power, resources, and political will to achieve more equitable and effective cooperation nationwide.

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Vaibhav Dhanorkar
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Vaibhav DhanorkarBegginer
Asked: July 16, 2024In: , , , , , , , , ,
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Which societal expectations or pressures have had the biggest emotional impact on you as a woman?

answerpollquestionwomen
  1. Rad
    Rad Begginer
    This answer was edited.

        Which societal expectations or pressures have had the biggest emotional impact on you as a woman? The societal pressure to get married and have children by a certain age feels like a constant pressure in a patriarchal society, especially for women who want to prioritize their careers oRead more

     

     

    Which societal expectations or pressures have had the biggest emotional impact on you as a woman?

    The societal pressure to get married and have children by a certain age feels like a constant pressure in a patriarchal society, especially for women who want to prioritize their careers or haven’t found the right partner. 15 years ago, after completing my studies, I wanted a fulfilling career and an independent life – financially, emotionally, and physically.  find joy in supporting my parents financially ,and bringing happiness into someone’s life. I also dreamed of traveling the world alone (which was a social taboo at that time). For me, marriage was a choice, not a necessity.
    The pressure often starts at home, with parents and relatives,  always reminding you of the ideal timeline for marriage and the ticking biological clock. This may escalate to emotional manipulation until you get married.
    But the expectation never stops there …Society paints a picture of the “superwoman” – a woman who excels in every area of life. She expected to be a star performer at work, a master chef who rivals Sanjeev Kapoor, a home organization guru like Marie Kondo, and above all a perfect mom. The pressure intensifies when she becomes a mother. Here, even the child’s weight is seen as the ultimate measuring scale of a mother’s competence. Her kindness, emotional intelligence, wisdom, and the unique bond she builds with her child fade into insignificance. In this constant pressure to fit into a prototype, we forget to enjoy the beautiful moments of our lives. always there is a clash between societal expectations and personal desires, leaving women to lead a life with internal conflict.
    Happy to see some positive changes over time. Nowadays, women are becoming more independent, confidently voicing their needs, and finding happiness in pursuing their hobbies and passions. hope it continues and redefines societal expectations.

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Faraan Ahmed
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Faraan AhmedBegginer
Asked: September 20, 2024In:
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Evaluate how well international agreements are working to address how climate change is affecting ice caps and water bodies.

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Umang Singh Yadav
    Umang Singh Yadav Expert

    Climate change causes rising sea levels, melting ice caps, glacier retreat, altered water cycles and warmer waters, impacting water bodies, threatening marine ecosystems and affecting human livelihoods globally.International agreements have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in addressing climatRead more

    Climate change causes rising sea levels, melting ice caps, glacier retreat, altered water cycles and warmer waters, impacting water bodies, threatening marine ecosystems and affecting human livelihoods globally.International agreements have shown varying degrees of effectiveness in addressing climate change impacts on water bodies and ice caps –

    1. Global cooperation under UNFCCC, Paris Agreement and Arctic Council unites nations to share knowledge, technology and best practices, protecting water bodies and ice caps through collaborative research.
    2. Emissions reduction under Paris Agreement targets limit global warming to 1.5°C, slowing ice cap melting, sea level rise and water cycle disruptions, protecting aquatic ecosystems and human livelihoods.
    3. Climate finance mobilizes global funding for vulnerable regions, supporting water infrastructure, ice cap conservation and aquatic ecosystem restoration through initiatives like Green Climate Fund and Adaptation Fund.
    4. Adaptation planning under UNFCCC’s National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) helps countries develop resilient water management, ice cap monitoring and ecosystem conservation strategies, enhancing climate resilience and water security.

     

    International agreements face challenges i.e. inconsistent implementation, inadequate funding, lack of enforcement mechanisms, conflicting national interests, limited scope and slow pace of negotiations, hindering effective action to mitigate climate change impacts on water bodies and ice caps.

     

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Meghalina Chakraborty
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Meghalina ChakrabortyLearner
Asked: July 20, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Discuss measures India can take to mitigate climate change, such as: * Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. * Promoting energy efficiency in industries and buildings. * Sustainable forestry practices and afforestation programs. * Adaptation Strategies: Analyze strategies India can ...

agricultureclimate changefood securitysustainable development
  1. Brahma Teja
    Brahma Teja Begginer

    India faces significant challenges from the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, impacting its sustainable development goals. To mitigate and adapt to climate change, India can take the following measures: 1. Renewable Energy Transition: Expand solar, wind, and hydroelectricRead more

    India faces significant challenges from the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, impacting its sustainable development goals. To mitigate and adapt to climate change, India can take the following measures:

    1. Renewable Energy Transition: Expand solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
    2. Afforestation and Reforestation: Enhance carbon sinks by planting trees and restoring degraded forests.
    3. Climate-Resilient Agriculture: Develop drought-resistant crop varieties and improve water management practices.
    4. Infrastructure Resilience: Build flood defenses, improve drainage systems, and strengthen buildings to withstand extreme weather.
    5. Early Warning Systems: Implement advanced meteorological services for timely alerts and disaster preparedness.
    6. Sustainable Urban Planning: Design cities with green spaces, efficient public transport, and waste management systems.
    7. Public Awareness and Education: Promote climate literacy and community engagement in climate action.

    These measures can help India mitigate the impacts of climate change and adapt to its consequences, ensuring progress towards sustainable development.

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Team
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TeamSupreme
Asked: September 9, 2024In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing 1. Introduction Overview of Coral Reefs: Define coral reefs as diverse and vital ecosystems. Mention their role in supporting marine life and local economies. Thesis Statement: Introduce the focus on the impacts of global warming on coral life, highlighting key areas ...

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Team
    Best Answer
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Introduction Coral reefs are among the most diverse and vital ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat for approximately a quarter of all marine species. However, they are increasingly threatened by global warming, which manifests through rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, andRead more

    Model Answer

    Introduction

    Coral reefs are among the most diverse and vital ecosystems on Earth, providing habitat for approximately a quarter of all marine species. However, they are increasingly threatened by global warming, which manifests through rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and heightened storm activity.

    Impact of Global Warming on Coral Life

    1. Coral Bleaching

    Rising ocean temperatures lead to coral bleaching, a phenomenon where corals expel the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues. This expulsion results in a loss of color and, if prolonged, can cause coral death. The Great Barrier Reef in Australia has experienced significant bleaching events due to elevated sea temperatures, highlighting the vulnerability of this iconic ecosystem.

    2. Ocean Acidification

    Increased atmospheric CO2 levels result in higher carbon dioxide absorption by oceans, leading to ocean acidification. This process lowers the pH of seawater, weakening coral skeletons and making them more susceptible to damage from storms and other environmental stressors. Research indicates that the acidity of ocean waters has increased by about 30% since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

    3. Coral Mortality

    The combination of coral bleaching and other climate-related stressors can lead to widespread coral mortality. The Caribbean region has seen extensive coral mortality, driven by bleaching, disease outbreaks, and the impacts of climate change. Studies show that coral cover has diminished significantly, affecting the overall health of the reef ecosystem.

    4. Loss of Biodiversity

    Coral reefs support a vast array of marine life. The degradation of coral reefs due to global warming can lead to significant biodiversity loss, impacting species that rely on these habitats for food and shelter.

    5. Economic Impacts

    Coral reefs are crucial for local economies, providing food and income for millions worldwide. The decline of these ecosystems due to global warming poses serious economic threats, particularly for communities dependent on fishing and tourism.

    Conclusion

    The impacts of global warming on coral life systems are profound, threatening both ecological diversity and the livelihoods of millions. Urgent action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and implement effective conservation strategies to safeguard these vital ecosystems for future generations.

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Hrithika Sundar
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Hrithika SundarBegginer
Asked: January 4, 2025In:
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Roadmap for Answer Writing  1. Introduction (1-2 sentences) Introduce glacial lakes and highlight their formation due to glacial melting. Briefly define what a Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) is and its potential dangers. Key Points for Introduction Glacial lakes are bodies of water formed in ...

upsc: changes in geographical features
  1. Team
    Team Supreme

    Model Answer Glacial lakes are bodies of water formed by the melting of glaciers. They typically occur at the foot of a glacier but can also form within, on, or under it. These lakes are commonly found at the edges of glaciers and ice sheets, and they are categorized into two types: ice contact lakeRead more

    Model Answer

    Glacial lakes are bodies of water formed by the melting of glaciers. They typically occur at the foot of a glacier but can also form within, on, or under it. These lakes are commonly found at the edges of glaciers and ice sheets, and they are categorized into two types: ice contact lakes, where glacier ice meets lake water, and distal lakes, located further from the glacier but still influenced by it.

    Factors Contributing to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

    Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) happen when a glacial lake’s dam, often made of moraine or ice, suddenly bursts, releasing large amounts of water downstream. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of GLOFs:

    1. Heavy Rainfall: Excessive rainfall, particularly in mountainous regions, can lead to the overfilling of glacial lakes, causing the moraine dams to breach.
    2. Snowmelt: Global warming accelerates glacier melting, increasing the volume of water in glacial lakes, raising the risk of a breach.
    3. Rapid Slope Movement: Landslides, avalanches, or rockfalls into the lake can exert pressure on the dam, triggering a breach.
    4. Earthquakes: Seismic activity can destabilize slopes, leading to the collapse of moraine dams.
    5. Anthropogenic Activities: Human activities like dam construction or infrastructure development can destabilize slopes, contributing to the risk of GLOFs.

    Conclusion

    These floods can cause catastrophic downstream damage, as seen in the 2013 Kedarnath disaster and Chamoli flash floods in 2021 (Source: NDMA).

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