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Agriculture

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Home/Economic Geography/Agriculture/Page 32

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Manasvi Varshneya
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Manasvi VarshneyaBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India’s water crisis?

  1. Anasua Mukhopadhyay
    Anasua Mukhopadhyay Begginer

    Micro-irrigation, including drip and sprinkler systems, holds significant potential in addressing India's water crisis by improving water use efficiency in agriculture: Water Savings: Micro-irrigation delivers water directly to the roots of plants, minimizing evaporation and runoff compared to tradiRead more

    Micro-irrigation, including drip and sprinkler systems, holds significant potential in addressing India’s water crisis by improving water use efficiency in agriculture:

    1. Water Savings: Micro-irrigation delivers water directly to the roots of plants, minimizing evaporation and runoff compared to traditional flood irrigation. This method can save substantial amounts of water, crucial in water-stressed regions.
    2. Increased Crop Yield: By providing water and nutrients in a targeted manner, micro-irrigation systems enhance crop growth and yield. This efficiency allows farmers to achieve better economic returns per drop of water used.
    3. Salinity Management: Controlled application of water through micro-irrigation helps in managing soil salinity levels, crucial in areas where salinization is a concern due to high water table or poor drainage.
    4. Climate Resilience: As India faces increasingly erratic rainfall patterns due to climate change, micro-irrigation offers flexibility and reliability in water supply, enabling farmers to sustain agriculture even during dry spells.
    5. Energy Savings: Reduced pumping requirements for micro-irrigation systems compared to traditional methods result in energy savings, contributing to lower operational costs for farmers.

    To fully realize these benefits, widespread adoption of micro-irrigation across India’s agricultural landscapes is essential. This requires supportive policies, financial incentives, and capacity building to enable farmers to adopt and effectively manage these technologies, thereby contributing significantly to mitigating the country’s water crisis while improving agricultural productivity and sustainability.

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Manasvi Varshneya
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Manasvi VarshneyaBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification?

  1. Niket Sarkar
    Niket Sarkar Begginer

    Present Challenges Before Crop Diversification 1. Economic Factors:    Market Risks: Uncertain markets for non-traditional crops can deter farmers from diversifying.    Income Stability: Traditional crops often have established markets and support systems, providing more predictable income. 2. InfraRead more

    Present Challenges Before Crop Diversification

    1. Economic Factors:

    •    Market Risks: Uncertain markets for non-traditional crops can deter farmers from diversifying.
    •    Income Stability: Traditional crops often have established markets and support systems, providing more predictable income.

    2. Infrastructure and Logistics:

    •    Storage and Transportation: Inadequate infrastructure for storing and transporting diversified crops.
    •    Processing Facilities: Limited facilities for processing non-traditional crops.

     

    3. Knowledge and Skills:

    •    Lack of Awareness: Farmers may lack knowledge about the benefits and methods of growing alternative crops.
    •    Training and Education: Insufficient training programs on modern agricultural practices for diverse crops.

     

    4. Policy and Institutional Support:

    •     Subsidy Bias: Government subsidies often favor staple crops, discouraging diversification.
    •     Regulatory Barriers: Complicated regulations and policies can inhibit the introduction of new crops.

     

    5. Environmental Concerns:

    •    Climate Adaptation: Non-traditional crops may be less resilient to local climate conditions.
    •    Water Resources: Diversification may require changes in irrigation practices and water management.

     

    6. Market Access and Consumer Preferences:

    •     Consumer Demand: Limited consumer demand for non-traditional crops.
    •     Market Development: Need for developing new markets and supply chains for diversified crops.

     

    How Emerging Technologies Provide an Opportunity for Crop Diversification

     

    1. Precision Agriculture:

    •     Data-Driven Decisions: Use of sensors, drones, and satellite imagery to monitor crop health and optimize inputs, making it easier to manage diverse crops.
    •     Tailored Solutions: Customization of agricultural practices to suit specific crop requirements, improving yield and reducing risks.

    2. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology:

    •     Crop Improvement: Development of crop varieties that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and adverse weather conditions.
    •     Nutritional Enhancement: Biofortification of crops to meet nutritional demands and attract consumer interest.

     

    3. Digital Platforms and Marketplaces:

    •     Market Access: Online platforms can connect farmers directly with consumers and processors, reducing market risks.
    •     Information Dissemination: Mobile apps and internet resources can provide farmers with real-time information on market trends, prices, and best practices.

     

    4. Smart Irrigation Systems:

    •     Efficient Water Use: Advanced irrigation technologies can optimize water use, making it feasible to grow a wider variety of crops.
    •     Climate Adaptation: Automated irrigation systems that respond to weather conditions can support the growth of diverse crops in different climates.

     

    5. Supply Chain Innovations:

    •     Cold Chain Development: Improved cold storage and transport technologies can reduce post-harvest losses and maintain the quality of diverse crops.
    •     Traceability: Blockchain and other technologies can enhance supply chain transparency, increasing consumer trust in non-traditional crops.

     

    6. Financial Technology (FinTech):

    •     Access to Credit: Innovative financing solutions and microcredit can provide the necessary funds for farmers to invest in diverse crops.
    •     Insurance Products: Development of crop insurance schemes tailored to the needs of diversified farming.

     

    Emerging technologies can thus mitigate the risks and barriers associated with crop diversification, making it a more viable and attractive option for farmers.

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Ayan Neogi
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Ayan NeogiBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In: , , , ,
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  1. Anasua Mukhopadhyay
    Anasua Mukhopadhyay Begginer

    The PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) scheme was introduced by the Government of India to provide income support to small and marginal farmers. Here’s a discussion on its effectiveness: Positive Aspects: Direct Income Support: PM-KISAN provides direct income support of Rs. 6,000 per yearRead more

    The PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) scheme was introduced by the Government of India to provide income support to small and marginal farmers. Here’s a discussion on its effectiveness:

    Positive Aspects:

    1. Direct Income Support: PM-KISAN provides direct income support of Rs. 6,000 per year in three installments of Rs. 2,000 each directly into the bank accounts of eligible farmers. This support aims to augment the income of farmers, especially those with limited landholding.
    2. Reach and Coverage: The scheme aims to benefit around 12 crore small and marginal farmer families across India, making it one of the largest initiatives of its kind globally in terms of coverage.
    3. Financial Inclusion: By requiring beneficiaries to have a bank account, PM-KISAN promotes financial inclusion among farmers, ensuring they have access to formal banking services.
    4. Ease of Implementation: The scheme’s straightforward mechanism of providing direct income support through direct benefit transfer (DBT) helps in minimizing leakage and ensures timely delivery of funds to the intended beneficiaries.

    Challenges and Limitations:

    1. Coverage Issues: Despite its wide coverage, there have been challenges in identifying and enrolling all eligible farmers due to issues such as outdated land records, errors in Aadhaar seeding, and lack of awareness among farmers.
    2. Income Augmentation: While the scheme provides income support, its effectiveness in significantly improving the overall income of small and marginal farmers remains debated. Rs. 6,000 per year may not be sufficient to address the broader income needs of farmers facing various challenges including low productivity, price volatility, and debt burdens.
    3. Impact on Agricultural Productivity: Critics argue that income support alone may not incentivize

    farmers to invest in improving agricultural productivity or diversifying into higher-value crops. The scheme primarily addresses income stability rather than enhancing long-term agricultural productivity.

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Harshita Garg
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Harshita GargBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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  1. Riya Siwach
    Riya Siwach Begginer

    Technology can significantly enhance crop yield and efficiency in agriculture through several key methods:   1. **Precision Agriculture**: Using technologies like GPS, sensors, and drones to precisely monitor and manage crops. This allows farmers to apply fertilizers, water, and pesticides moreRead more

    Technology can significantly enhance crop yield and efficiency in agriculture through several key methods:

     

    1. **Precision Agriculture**: Using technologies like GPS, sensors, and drones to precisely monitor and manage crops. This allows farmers to apply fertilizers, water, and pesticides more efficiently, reducing waste and improving crop health.

     

    2. **Data Analytics**: Analyzing data collected from sensors, satellites, and historical records to make data-driven decisions about planting, irrigation, pest control, and harvesting times.

     

    3. **Biotechnology**: Developing genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, or that have higher nutritional value and yield.

     

    4. **Automation and Robotics**: Using robots for planting, weeding, harvesting, and sorting crops, which can increase efficiency and reduce labor costs.

     

    5. **Smart Irrigation**: Employing sensors and IoT devices to monitor soil moisture levels and weather conditions in real-time, allowing for precise irrigation scheduling and water conservation.

     

    6. **Vertical Farming and Controlled Environment Agriculture**: Utilizing indoor farming techniques with LED lighting, hydroponics, and aeroponics to grow crops in vertically stacked layers or controlled environments, maximizing space and resources.

     

    7. **Blockchain Technology**: Implementing blockchain for supply chain transparency and traceability, ensuring food safety and quality, and reducing food wastage.

     

    8. **Climate Prediction Models**: Using advanced climate prediction models to anticipate weather patterns and adapt farming practices accordingly, such as adjusting planting dates or selecting more suitable crop varieties.

     

    9. **Mobile Apps and Platforms**: Providing farmers with access to agricultural information, market prices, weather forecasts, and best practices through mobile applications, enabling informed decision-making.

     

    10. **Remote Sensing**: Using satellite imagery and drones to monitor crop health, detect diseases or nutrient deficiencies early, and assess overall field conditions.

     

    By integrating these technological advancements into agriculture, farmers can improve productivity, reduce environmental impact, optimize resource allocation, and ensure food security for a growing global population.

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Jithinv10
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Jithinv10Begginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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To what extent have agricultural reforms in India, such as the introduction of market-oriented policies and reforms in agricultural marketing systems, contributed to rural development and income growth? Analyze the challenges and opportunities in implementing these reforms amidst varying regional ...

  1. Manasvi Varshneya
    Manasvi Varshneya Begginer

    Agricultural reforms in India, particularly market-oriented policies and marketing system reforms, have significantly impacted rural development and income growth, albeit unevenly. The introduction of the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) and deregulation has enhanced market access, enabling farmeRead more

    Agricultural reforms in India, particularly market-oriented policies and marketing system reforms, have significantly impacted rural development and income growth, albeit unevenly. The introduction of the National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) and deregulation has enhanced market access, enabling farmers to secure better prices and reduce reliance on middlemen. Investments in infrastructure, such as cold storage and logistics, have improved supply chain efficiency, reducing post-harvest losses and increasing incomes.

    However, regional disparities pose challenges, with states like Punjab and Haryana benefiting more than underdeveloped regions like Bihar and Odisha. Small and marginal farmers often miss out on these benefits due to limited resources and market access. Resistance to reforms, evidenced by the 2020 farm protests, highlights farmer fears of income instability and exploitation by private players.

    To overcome these challenges, strengthening Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can enhance market access and bargaining power. Investment in digital technologies can provide farmers with crucial market and weather information. Tailored regional policies, capacity building, and public-private partnerships can further enhance the effectiveness of reforms. Ensuring policy stability and addressing farmers’ concerns are essential for building trust and ensuring the sustainable success of these agricultural reforms.

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UPASNA KUKRETI
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UPASNA KUKRETIBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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What are the key principles of sustainable agriculture, and how can they be implemented on a large scale?

sustainable
  1. Barnali2001
    Barnali2001

    The key principles of sustainable agriculture are: Minimum tillage or zero tillage: Minimum or zero tillage is the restricted use of mechanical manipulation of the soil (through ploughs or other means) Water management: Efficient water supply through drip irrigation or spray irrigation to conserve wRead more

    The key principles of sustainable agriculture are:

    1. Minimum tillage or zero tillage: Minimum or zero tillage is the restricted use of mechanical manipulation of the soil (through ploughs or other means)
    2. Water management: Efficient water supply through drip irrigation or spray irrigation to conserve water and minimise runoff loss.
    3. Adoption of natural parasites and parasitoids: Use of parasites, parasitoids and natural enemies are better substitutes against chemical insecticides and pesticides.
    4. Use of Biofertilizers like azolla and vermicompost can be used against chemical fertilizers.

    Implementation of sustainable agriculture in large scale:

    1. Education to local farmers: Mostly farmers in India are not aware of sustainable agriculture where they use chemical fertilizers rapidly for growth of crops that ultimately result in polluting the soil. Farmers should be taught to adopt Biofertilizers and non chemicals for the growth of crops.
    2. Government policies and incentives: Various government policies to encourage farmers to adopt sustainable agriculture should be one of the measures. Providing incentives, subsidy and grants for adopting sustainable agriculture can be a powerful measure.
    3. Launching projects for farmers: The Government of India can launch projects relating to sustainable agriculture for the farmers to bring about new innovations in the field of agriculture.
    4. Market Access to production units: In many villages, the market Access is not available easily. More shops and centres should be in close vicinity of the farmers to gain easy access of the seeds, Biofertilizers, etc.
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Yenimireddy Venkata Pravalika
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Yenimireddy Venkata PravalikaBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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agricultural productivityfactorsindia
  1. Aashi Anand
    Aashi Anand Begginer

    There are Several key factors that are influencing agricultural productivity in India:   1. Dependency on Monsoon: India's agriculture heavily relies on the monsoon season for water supply. Irregular or inadequate rainfall can lead to droughts or floods, affecting crop yields.   2. TechnolRead more

    There are Several key factors that are influencing agricultural productivity in India:

     

    1. Dependency on Monsoon: India’s agriculture heavily relies on the monsoon season for water supply. Irregular or inadequate rainfall can lead to droughts or floods, affecting crop yields.

     

    2. Technology and Infrastructure: Access to modern farming technologies, irrigation facilities, and transportation infrastructure significantly impacts productivity. Areas with better infrastructure tend to have higher yields.

     

    3. Land Holdings: Fragmentation of land holdings has reduced farm sizes, making mechanization difficult and limiting economies of scale. Consolidation of land and mechanization can boost productivity.

     

    4. Health of Soil: Degraded soil fertility due to intensive farming practices, improper land management, and excessive use of chemical fertilizers affects crop yields. Sustainable soil management practices are crucial for long-term productivity.

     

    5. Access to Credit and Insurance: Farmers’ access to affordable credit, crop insurance, and subsidies influences their ability to invest in inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and equipment, thereby affecting productivity.

     

    6. Policies of Government: Agricultural policies related to pricing, subsidies, procurement, and trade regulations impact farmers’ decisions and overall productivity.

     

    7. Market Linkages: Efficient market linkages and fair prices for produce encourage farmers to invest in improving productivity.

     

    8. Change in Climate: Increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, requiring adaptive strategies.

     

    Addressing these factors through sustainable practices, technological advancements, and supportive policies is essential to enhance agricultural productivity in India sustainably.

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prateeksha Mahaling
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prateeksha MahalingBegginer
Asked: July 15, 2024In:
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  1. Kaavya Vurity
    Kaavya Vurity Begginer

    Small-scale and large-scale farmers face distinct but overlapping challenges that impact their productivity and sustainability. Small-Scale Farmers: Access to Resources: Limited access to credit, modern technology, and quality seeds can hinder productivity. Market Access: Small farmers often strugglRead more

    Small-scale and large-scale farmers face distinct but overlapping challenges that impact their productivity and sustainability.

    Small-Scale Farmers:

    1. Access to Resources: Limited access to credit, modern technology, and quality seeds can hinder productivity.
    2. Market Access: Small farmers often struggle to reach markets due to inadequate infrastructure and competition with larger producers.
    3. Land Tenure Security: Uncertainty about land ownership can discourage investment in long-term improvements.
    4. Climate Vulnerability: Smallholders are often more susceptible to climate change impacts, affecting crop yields and livelihoods.

    Large-Scale Farmers:

    1. Market Volatility: Large-scale operations are sensitive to fluctuations in global markets, impacting profitability.
    2. Regulatory Compliance: Navigating complex regulations and environmental standards can be resource-intensive.
    3. Labor Issues: Maintaining a stable workforce can be challenging, especially with rising labor costs and changing labor laws.
    4. Sustainability Pressures: Increasing demand for sustainable practices requires large-scale farmers to adapt, which can involve significant investment.

    Both small and large-scale farmers must adapt to changing climates, evolving consumer preferences, and technological advancements while managing these inherent challenges to ensure long-term viability.

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