Probity in Governance

Forms of Corruption Identified by Central Vigilance Commission

Introduction

The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) plays a pivotal role in combating corruption within the Indian government. It identifies and addresses various forms of corruption that undermine public trust and efficiency. Understanding these forms is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat corruption.

1. Bribery

• Definition: Bribery involves offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in a position of authority.
• Recent Example: In 2024, the Delhi Police uncovered a major bribery scandal involving officers accepting kickbacks from contractors for awarding tenders. This case highlighted the need for stringent measures to curb bribery in public services.

2. Embezzlement

• Definition: Embezzlement is the theft or misappropriation of funds entrusted to an individual’s care, often by public officials.
• Recent Example: The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) funds embezzlement case in Uttar Pradesh, where funds intended for health services were misappropriated by officials, underscored the severity of embezzlement in government programs.

3. Nepotism and Favoritism

• Definition: Nepotism involves giving preferential treatment to relatives or friends in employment or other opportunities, while favoritism extends to preferential treatment for personal connections.
• Recent Example: In 2023, the Bihar Government faced scrutiny over alleged nepotism in recruitment processes, where jobs were reportedly awarded to individuals based on political connections rather than merit, sparking public outcry and demands for reform.

4. Extortion

• Definition: Extortion is the act of obtaining something, especially money, through coercion or threats.
• Recent Example: In 2024, the Kolkata Municipal Corporation was involved in an extortion case where officials were accused of threatening contractors to force them into paying bribes for processing their contracts. This case highlighted the need for robust anti-corruption frameworks.

5. Fraud

• Definition: Fraud involves deceit or misrepresentation to gain an unfair advantage or benefit, often financially.
• Recent Example: The Rajiv Gandhi Foundation faced allegations of fraud in 2023 when irregularities in fund utilization were discovered, revealing how fraudulent practices can undermine the integrity of charitable organizations and public trust.

Conclusion

Understanding these five forms of corruption—bribery, embezzlement, nepotism and favoritism, extortion, and fraud—is essential for the Central Vigilance Commission’s efforts to promote transparency and accountability. Recent examples illustrate the persistent challenges posed by these forms of corruption and underscore the importance of effective anti-corruption measures.