Ethics in Public Administration

There are four major phases of disaster management: The measures of disaster management include mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. In a like manner, all of the phases are useful in managing the risks and conserving lives and in the disaster recovery process.

1. Mitigation: This one has steps that focus on risk reduction by enhanced structure including infrastructure, act and zoning laws and protection to the environment which may involve creating barriers against floods or placing buildings in cas.
2. Preparedness: This belongs to the preparedness SA measures which entail the establishment of early warning system, first responders training, practice of mock drills and formulation of evacuation plans. Community and responder awareness and readiness is provided by preparedness, in order to minimize the number of fatalities and reduce confusion.
3. Response: This include action the moment and just after the disaster; may this be search and rescue, medical help, shelter and food among others. The first result will be the avoidance of the minimum of losses and the stabilization of the given situation.
This will entail reconstruction of the structures that were destroyed; reconciliations, reconstruction, and reconstruction of the sources of income; rehabilitation of the mental and psychological. Stability will happen in the communities also it will pass lessons learned to build capacities against future vulnerabilities; recovery will happen.

Some of the problems that affect coordination in disaster management are; These problems are due to complexities, limitation of resources and uncertainty. The challenges can be addressed through the improvement of infrastructure, enhanced early warning system, education, implementation of land use regulation and required cooperation. Affirmatively managed disasters that integrate all these strategies correspondingly enhance community resilience, mitigate emerging consequences, advance quicker and more secure recovery.

India’s planning began since independence with Planning Commission and now with NITI Aayog has planned the development planning of the country. The earlier structure of India’s economic planning was the mixed economy, this was because the country developed plans to encourage the growth of public sectors, industrialization, and the attainment of the policy of self-reliance. In the series of several five-year plans, developmental efforts were aimed at removing poverty, generating employment and balancing regional grows. CSP contributed to the actual construction of infrastructure and betterment of states in agriculture, it also provoked the growth of public sector through required services. However, the approach also created bureaucracy, legalisation of productive processes and inhibition of private business.

The liberalization reforms of 1991 introduced the basis of a new thinking about India’s future economic scenario, which would be termed of a paradigm shift. These reforms threw India toward market liberalization, deregulation, globalization, and inviting foreign and private investment. Thus, under this strategy, the character of economic planning change from control to the provision of support. The creation of NITI Aayog in 2015 brought about a structural shift in planning because it thenceforth focuses on cooperative federalism, innovation, and strategic, rather than state, planning.

NITI Aayog functions as a policy planning body presently and works toward preparing and implementing states specific policy and facilitating and supporting goals toward sustainable development while promoting the private sector’s development. This relates economic planning to the contemporary demands of economic growth involving skills, the digital economy, and ecology. Thus, adaptive planning has created economic growth and reduction of poverty and India opened for global economy. However, several issues persist in the way of bringing social closeness; regional disparities; and balancing environmental problems and economic growth. The Indian economy’s planning time and again changes, reflecting these ideas as it introduces flexibility and inclusiveness to achieve stable and sustainable development.

Ethical governance means that the process of governance and decision-making is based on moral principles such as truth, justice, accountability, caring, and respect. It means leaders decide on certain policies and make decisions which will benefit the entire society differently benefiting all of them. An ethically-governed institution looks at what is possible to do legally as well as what it is right to do.

An example would be the government passing legislation that is intended to protect consumers in dealing with the banking sector over issues to do with usurious credit. That maybe so legally provided the various banking laws but they are surely unethical in that they take advantage of those consumers who have little or no financial literacy to land them into terrible debts they cannot repay on loans they never fully understood. Ethical governance would force the politicians to close such loopholes and curb the procedures which would be detrimental to the poor and middle-class citizens by taking away their money in the name of a bank’s profit. The policies of corporate interests are to be subdued before the people’s values in terms of their moral good and requirement. This can be termed as the moral responsibility and concern for justice within society by the government.