The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a significant step in India's struggle for independence from British rule. Several factors led to its inception. The primary cause was widespread discontent with British colonial policies, particularly the oppressive Rowlatt Act oRead more
The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920, was a significant step in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. Several factors led to its inception. The primary cause was widespread discontent with British colonial policies, particularly the oppressive Rowlatt Act of 1919, which allowed detention without trial, and the brutal Jallianwala Bagh massacre, where British troops killed hundreds of unarmed Indian civilians. Additionally, the economic hardships faced by Indians due to the exploitation of resources and the imposition of heavy taxes by the British further fueled the movement. The Khilafat issue, which sought to protect the Ottoman Caliphate, also played a crucial role in mobilizing Indian Muslims to join the cause, thus uniting Hindus and Muslims in a common struggle against colonial rule. Gandhi’s call for non-cooperation included boycotting British goods, institutions, and honors, advocating for self-reliance and the revival of indigenous industries.
The significance of January 9th in Indian history stems from its designation as Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (Non-Resident Indian Day). This date marks the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to India in 1915, a pivotal event that heralded a new phase in India’s freedom struggle. Gandhi’s return energized the Indian independence movement, as he brought with him the principles of Satyagraha (non-violent resistance) that he had successfully employed in South Africa. This day is celebrated to recognize the contributions of the Indian diaspora to the development of India and to acknowledge the role of expatriates in the country’s history and progress.
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*INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM* The Indian education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world with the countries which history and diversity in culture. It is broadly divided into four levels :- a) Primary b) Secondary c) Higher secondary d) Tertiary education The system is Overseen by bRead more
*INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM*
The Indian education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world with the countries which history and diversity in culture.
It is broadly divided into four levels :-
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Higher secondary
d) Tertiary education
The system is Overseen by both Central Governments and state governments. Controlled by the Ministry of Education playing a crucial role in formulating policies and standard.
● PRIMARY EDICATION
▪︎ Covering grades 1-5
▪︎ It is mandatory and free for children aged 6 to 14 under “The Right To Education Act”.
▪︎This stage focus on basic literacy and numeracy including foundation knowledge in subjects like science and social studies.
● SECONDARY EDUCATION
▪︎ It includes grades 6-10
● HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION
▪︎Encompassing grades 11-12.
▪︎ Build on this foundation with more specialized subjects.
● TERTIARY EDUCATION
▪︎ It includes university and colleges offering undergraduate postgraduate and doctoral programs.
▪︎ India boast Prestigious institutions like Indian Institute of Technology IIT Indian Institute of Management IIM and AIIMS which are recognised globally for its excellence.
*CHALLENGES*
The Indian education system faces challenges such as :-
• Quality of education
• Infrastructure
• Teacher training
• Disparity in access between urban and rural areas.
*INITIATIVE*
Initiatives like the National Education Policy 2020 aim to address these issues by promoting:-
See less• Holistic
• Multidisciplinary education • Flexibility in subject choices
• Greater emphasis on technology and vocational training.
This policy envisions transforming the education landscape to meet the demands of the 21st century, fostering critical thinking, creativity, and inclusivity.