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Ethics in Public Administration

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Home/Ethics/Ethics in Public Administration/Page 3

Mains Answer Writing Latest Questions

Sneha Lahiri
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Sneha LahiriBegginer
Asked: July 13, 2024In: , , , ,
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How do the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence influence international interactions, especially global diplomacy and foreign policy? Discuss how these values influence the activities and choices of governments and international organizations. Furthermore, investigate scenarios in which these principles may ...

question
  1. Shreyas Rao
    Shreyas Rao Begginer

    The ethical principles of beneficence (doing good) and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) are fundamental in guiding international interactions, including global diplomacy and foreign policy. These principles influence the activities and choices of governments and international organizations in variousRead more

    The ethical principles of beneficence (doing good) and non-maleficence (avoiding harm) are fundamental in guiding international interactions, including global diplomacy and foreign policy. These principles influence the activities and choices of governments and international organizations in various ways:

    1. Humanitarian interventions: Governments and international organizations may intervene in conflicts or crises to prevent or alleviate suffering, protect human rights, and promote human dignity. However, this can sometimes lead to unintended harm or create new conflicts.
    2. Economic sanctions: Economic sanctions can be used to pressure countries to change their behavior, but they can also harm innocent civilians and exacerbate economic inequality.
    3. Military actions: Military interventions can be used to protect national interests or promote regional stability, but they can also result in civilian casualties, displacement, and long-term political instability.

    Scenarios where these principles may conflict:

    1. Humanitarian intervention vs. national sovereignty: When intervening in a conflict to protect civilians, policymakers must balance the need to do good (beneficence) with the imperative to respect national sovereignty (non-maleficence).
    2. Economic sanctions vs. economic harm: Sanctions can be an effective tool for promoting regime change or forcing policy concessions, but they can also cause unintended economic harm to civilians.
    3. Military intervention vs. civilian casualties: Military actions aimed at protecting national interests or promoting regional stability may result in civilian casualties, raising concerns about non-maleficence.

    Challenges faced by policymakers:

    1. Balancing competing values: Policymakers must weigh the benefits of intervention (beneficence) against the potential risks and costs (non-maleficence).
    2. Lack of information: Insufficient information about the consequences of intervention can make it difficult for policymakers to make informed decisions.
    3. Complexity of international issues: International problems often involve multiple actors, interests, and factors, making it challenging to identify the most effective and ethical course of action.
    4. Accountability: Policymakers may face criticism from various stakeholders, including domestic constituents, international partners, and human rights organizations, which can impact their ability to make decisions that balance beneficence and non-maleficence.

    To address these challenges, policymakers can:

    1. Engage in transparent decision-making: Share information about the decision-making process and considerations behind policy choices.
    2. Consult with diverse stakeholders: Seek input from experts, civil society organizations, and affected communities to better understand the consequences of policy decisions.
    3. Prioritize human rights and humanitarian law: Integrate human rights and humanitarian law into policy decisions to ensure that actions align with ethical principles.
    4. Develop contingency plans: Establish procedures for addressing unintended consequences or unforeseen events to minimize harm and promote beneficial outcomes.
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Sandra
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SandraBegginer
Asked: July 17, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , ,
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According to you, is euthanasia a personal autonomy issue or does it create a slippery slope leading to the devaluation of human life?

question
  1. Hetal Bansal
    Hetal Bansal Begginer

    Euthanasia is a complex and deeply contested issue, often framed as either a matter of personal autonomy or a potential slippery slope leading to the devaluation of human life. Personal Autonomy Proponents of euthanasia argue that it is fundamentally about personal autonomy and the right to self-detRead more

    Euthanasia is a complex and deeply contested issue, often framed as either a matter of personal autonomy or a potential slippery slope leading to the devaluation of human life.

    Personal Autonomy

    Proponents of euthanasia argue that it is fundamentally about personal autonomy and the right to self-determination. They believe that individuals should have the freedom to choose how and when they die, especially in cases of terminal illness and unbearable suffering. From this perspective:

    • Dignity: Allowing euthanasia can provide a dignified end to life, aligning with the individual’s wishes.
    • Compassion: It can be an act of compassion, relieving someone from prolonged pain and suffering.
    • Control: It gives individuals control over their own lives and deaths, respecting their autonomy and personal choices.

    Slippery Slope

    Opponents, however, caution that legalizing euthanasia could lead to a slippery slope where the value of human life is undermined. They worry about:

    • Abuse and Coercion: Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, disabled, or economically disadvantaged, might be pressured into choosing euthanasia.
    • Moral and Ethical Implications: It could lead to a broader acceptance of ending lives in cases beyond terminal illness, such as severe depression or non-terminal conditions.
    • Erosion of Medical Ethics: It could conflict with the medical profession’s duty to preserve life and do no harm, potentially eroding trust in healthcare providers.

    Balancing the Two Perspectives

    The debate involves balancing individual rights with broader societal implications. Legal frameworks in various jurisdictions attempt to address these concerns through stringent regulations and safeguards. These include requiring multiple medical opinions, psychological evaluations, and strict eligibility criteria to ensure that euthanasia is a well-considered, voluntary decision made without external pressure.

    In conclusion, whether euthanasia is viewed primarily as a matter of personal autonomy or a slippery slope leading to the devaluation of human life depends on one’s ethical framework and societal values. Both perspectives have valid concerns that need to be carefully weighed in the discussion and legislation of euthanasia.

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Tisha Singh
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Tisha SinghBegginer
Asked: July 18, 2024In: , , ,
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  1. SAUMYA MISHRA
    SAUMYA MISHRA Begginer
    This answer was edited.

    "Andha Yug", written by Dharamvir Bharati, is a seminal work in Indian literature that delves deep into the moral and ethical decline during the final days of the Mahabharata war. Set in the aftermath of the battle of Kurukshetra, the play portrays the disintegration of values and the rise of chaosRead more

    “Andha Yug“, written by Dharamvir Bharati, is a seminal work in Indian literature that delves deep into the moral and ethical decline during the final days of the Mahabharata war. Set in the aftermath of the battle of Kurukshetra, the play portrays the disintegration of values and the rise of chaos and despair. Here are some key aspects of the destruction of ethical values in “Andha Yug”:

    Moral Decay in Leadership – 

    • Dhritarashtra and Gandhari: The blind king Dhritarashtra and his wife Gandhari symbolize the moral blindness that pervades the leadership. Dhritarashtra’s inability to take a stand against his son Duryodhana’s unethical actions leads to the war’s catastrophic consequences. Gandhari, though virtuous, curses Krishna, showcasing the pervasive sense of despair and loss of faith.
    • Ashwatthama: His decision to unleash the Narayanastra and later the Brahmastra, despite knowing the devastating consequences, highlights the erosion of ethical values even among respected warriors and scholars.
    • Krishna: Krishna, often seen as the embodiment of dharma (righteousness), engages in acts of deception to ensure the Pandavas’ victory. His actions, such as advising Yudhishthira to lie about Ashwatthama’s death and facilitating Bhima’s killing of Duryodhana through an unethical blow, reflect the complex interplay between dharma and adharma (unrighteousness) in times of war.

    The pervasive sense of hopelessness and despair among the characters signifies the ultimate destruction of ethical values. The survivors are left to grapple with the meaninglessness of their actions and the irreversible consequences of their moral failures.

    Symbolism of Darkness and Blindness – 

    The title “Andha Yug” itself is a metaphor for the blindness to moral and ethical values. The play’s characters, driven by anger, revenge, and despair, fail to see the path of righteousness, leading to their downfall.

    Critique of War – 

    Bharati critiques the war’s dehumanizing effects, showing how it corrupts even the most virtuous individuals. The ethical and moral degradation is evident in the ruthless killings, the use of deceit, and the abandonment of dharma.

     

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Santosh Singh
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Santosh SinghLearner
Asked: July 25, 2024In:
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What kinds of moral conundrums might an Indian civil servant encounter? Emphasize the essential components of the approaches taken to overcome these problems.

upsc: ethical concerns & dilemmas
  1. Anil Bhargav
    Anil Bhargav Begginer

    An ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing the other. Ethical dilemma arises because ethical standards are not codified, and disagreements about proper behaviour often occur. For civRead more

    An ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing the other. Ethical dilemma arises because ethical standards are not codified, and disagreements about proper behaviour often occur. For civil servants, ethical dilemmas tend to arise from three critical relationships Le. civil servants and political office holders; civil servants and citizens; and intra-civil service (between ministries, departments and agencies of the state). These dilemmas could broadly fall into following categories:

    • Personal Cost ethical dilemmas, arising from situations in which compliance with ethical conduct results in a significant personal cost to the civil servant, for example, jeopardising held position, injuring valued relationships etc.
    • Right vs Right ethical dilemmas, arising from situations of two or more conflicting sets of bona fide ethical values, for example, civil servant’s responsibility of being open and accountable to citizens versus that of adhering to oath of secrecy/confidentiality etc.
    • Conjoint ethical dilemmas, arising from situations in which a conscientious civil servant is exposed to a combination of the aforementioned ethical dilemmas.

    A strategy to deal with ethical dilemmas must include following key elements:

    • Democratic accountability of administration: The civil servants should subordinate themselves to political authority, to carry out all ‘orders’ from the ‘top’, as long as they are as per law. They should show a spirit of ‘neutrality’ in their official capacity and dealings; and keep at bay their own personal preferences in the performance of their duties and responsibilities.
    • Principle of legality: The civil servants should manifest a spirit of constitutionalism in their exercise of authority. All power must be exercised in the name and general interest of the people and guided by an ‘articulate’ system of rules and laws.
    • Professional integrity: It should act as a source of ‘internal self-control’ in administrative conduct, based on ethical standards and criteria shared and respected by civil servants. It should be seen as a matter of personal and professional honour and prestige, in a culture of ethics, and not simply an externally imposed obligation. Also, a ‘Code of Ethics for Public Servants’ can be brought to complement this.
    • Responsiveness to citizens: It entails consultation in governance and promotion of a kind of ‘Communicative Ethic’, in social affairs. The civil society not only furnishes the State, with needs and demands, but also valuable sources of information, feed-back criticism and evaluation of performance. Along with these elements, it is imperative that a civil servant listens to his or her conscience or Inner voice to guide him or her In resolving ethical dilemmas. The talisman given by Gandhiji can provide the guiding light in this respect.

     

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Vamika Kohli
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Vamika KohliBegginer
Asked: July 26, 2024In: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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Should developing countries such as India prioritize economic growth over stringent environmental regulations, given their need to improve living standards and reduce poverty? Why or why not?

climate changedeveloping nationseconomic developmentgreen economypolicy dilemmaspovertyquestionresource managementsustainabilitysustainable growthurbanisation
  1. Shehla Iram
    Shehla Iram Begginer

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations relyRead more

    The debate between economic growth and environmental protection in developing countries is  complex and essential . On one hand, economic growth is essential for improving living standards, reducing poverty, and providing better infrastructure, education, and healthcare. Many developing nations rely on industrialization, urbanization, and exploitation of natural resources to fuel this growth.  This often comes at the cost of environmental degradation, including deforestation, air and water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. On the other hand, environmental protection is crucial for ensuring long-term sustainability and the health of populations. Developing countries face the challenge of balancing these competing priorities. A focus only on economic growth can lead to severe environmental damage, which in turn can undermine future economic prospects by depleting natural resources and causing health problems. Likewise , stringent environmental regulations can hinder economic development by increasing costs and limiting industrial activities. So, the solution lies in adopting a sustainable development model that integrates economic growth with environmental stewardship. This includes investing in green technologies, enforcing environmental regulations, and promoting practices that minimize ecological footprints. International support, through financial aid and technology transfer, is also important to help developing countries achieve this balance.

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Ashima Agarwal
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Ashima AgarwalBegginer
Asked: July 19, 2024In:
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question
  1. AASTHA TIWARI
    AASTHA TIWARI Begginer

    **Substantive laws** define rights, duties, and legal relationships, specifying what is legally permissible. For example, the **Indian Penal Code (IPC)** defines offenses like theft, specifying that stealing someone’s property is a crime and stipulating the penalties for it. Similarly, the **IndianRead more

    **Substantive laws** define rights, duties, and legal relationships, specifying what is legally permissible. For example, the **Indian Penal Code (IPC)** defines offenses like theft, specifying that stealing someone’s property is a crime and stipulating the penalties for it. Similarly, the **Indian Contract Act, 1872** outlines the requirements for forming a contract, such as mutual consent and lawful consideration, and defines the rights and obligations of the parties involved.

    **Procedural laws**, in contrast, govern the methods by which substantive laws are enforced. They detail the processes for legal proceedings. For example, the **Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)** provides the steps for filing a civil suit, conducting a trial, and appealing decisions. If a person wants to sue for breach of contract, the CPC outlines how to initiate the case, present evidence, and conduct hearings. The **Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)** specifies procedures for criminal cases, such as how police investigations are conducted and how trials are carried out.

    In summary, while substantive laws focus on defining legal rights and obligations, procedural laws ensure these rights are enforced through established legal processes.

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Manthan Kurmi
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Manthan KurmiBegginer
Asked: August 9, 2024In:
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What do you mean by Doctrine of Election?

  1. Madhushri Sharma
    Madhushri Sharma Begginer

    Introduction: Under this doctrine, if a transferor confers certain benefits upon a person and also imposes certain liability then the person should either accept the whole transfer or reject it entirely. It is based upon the principle of Estoppel where a person who approves a part of transaction whiRead more

    Introduction: Under this doctrine, if a transferor confers certain benefits upon a person and also imposes certain liability then the person should either accept the whole transfer or reject it entirely. It is based upon the principle of Estoppel where a person who approves a part of transaction which is beneficial to him and rejects that part which is detrimental to him is not allowed.
    Ingredients of Section 35:
    1. A person who is not the owner can not transfer property but he can make arrangements for the property.
    2. In lieu of the transfer, the transferor confers certain benefits upon the owner of the property.
    Suspension of Election: When at the time of transfer the owner is legally disabled then his duty to elect is suspended during his minority or lunacy until the disability ceases. Although election can also be made by his legal guardian even before the disability ceases.
    Conclusion: The person who professes to transfer must confer some benefit upon the owner of the property. Where he accepts the instrument then he is entitled to benefit but he is bound to transfer his property. If he elects to reject the instrument he can not claim the benefit.

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Ojaswi Chauhan
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Ojaswi ChauhanBegginer
Asked: July 11, 2024In:
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How does traditional chivalry ,focusing on male courtesy towards women relate to modern feminist goals ,of achieving gender quality?

question
  1. P Amulya
    P Amulya Begginer

    INTRODUCTION Traditional chivalry highlighting the male courtesy towards the women partially aligns with the goals of modern feminism in socio- culture context as modern feminism strives for the equal respect for the women along with the equal rights in a multidimensional way. Positive RelationshipRead more

    INTRODUCTION

    Traditional chivalry highlighting the male courtesy towards the women partially aligns with the goals of modern feminism in socio- culture context as modern feminism strives for the equal respect for the women along with the equal rights in a multidimensional way.

    Positive Relationship

    The convergence of traditional chivalry of men and modern feminism has the following implications –

    1. acknowledging reproductive rights for women which might lead to decrease in the rape cases as male courtesy gives importance to women’s consent.  
    2. addressing the inter-sectional issues by acknowledging  the rights of marginalised women because male courtesy emphasises on the respect to every woman.
    3. combating the major issues such as objectification of women, dowry harassment and domestic violence.

    Negative Relationship

    The traditional chivalry of men is also associated with the bravery and valour of men as it originated in relation to knighthood which has shown women as weak, emotional and dependent on men.

    CONCLUSION

    Male courtesy towards women aligns with the goals of modern feminism but it becomes problematic in the context of traditional chivalry as it might lead to rigid gender roles with the distinction between public and private sphere.

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Ankita Bhardwaj
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Ankita BhardwajBegginer
Asked: July 12, 2024In: ,
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1.How people should bury their angry issue?

question
  1. Risika Singh
    Risika Singh Begginer

    As a human, we all possess feelings. Anger is one of them. There are many times when we feel frustrated, anxious, annoyed, etc. and we usually end up getting angry at others. By doing so, we not only hurt others but also feel regret throughout the day. Even this portrait us in bad terms. What we canRead more

    As a human, we all possess feelings. Anger is one of them. There are many times when we feel frustrated, anxious, annoyed, etc. and we usually end up getting angry at others. By doing so, we not only hurt others but also feel regret throughout the day. Even this portrait us in bad terms. What we can do in this situation is to process it in some other manner. We can make friendship with a diary, in which we can write every thought of our mind, such that why are we angry, on whom we are angry, how are we feeling, what are our minds up to, etc. It is just burying anger might result in some sort of distress, rather we should process it  in some other way. Nevertheless we cannot write everywhere, all the time. Accordingly, we can distract us from being in that situation, such as back counting from 10 to 9, go out for a walk, meditate for minutes, read a book, talk to our close ones or anything which we find good to do. Sometimes getting angry is also required but, letting it coming over us or affecting us is not acceptable.

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