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How does T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" represent modernist poetry?
T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" represents modernist poetry through several key features: Fragmentation: The poem’s structure is highly fragmented, with abrupt shifts in voice, setting, and time, reflecting the chaotic and disjointed nature of the modern world. Allusions and Intertextuality: "The WastRead more
T.S. Eliot’s “The Waste Land” represents modernist poetry through several key features:
Eliot’s work exemplifies the modernist movement by challenging traditional forms and exploring the complexities of the modern condition.
See lessWhy is it that Only William Shakespeare is Considered to be the Best, Most Romantic, and One-of-a-Kind Playwright in the World?
William Shakespeare is often regarded as the best, most romantic, and one-of-a-kind playwright in the world due to several compelling reasons: Universal Themes: Shakespeare's works explore timeless and universal themes such as love, power, jealousy, betrayal, and the human condition. These themes reRead more
William Shakespeare is often regarded as the best, most romantic, and one-of-a-kind playwright in the world due to several compelling reasons:
Shakespeare’s combination of profound insight into human nature, innovative use of language, and universal appeal has made him a unique and unmatched figure in the world of literature. His works continue to captivate audiences and influence artists, securing his legacy as one of the greatest playwrights of all time.
See lessWhat is the meaning of upanishad?
Each Vedas are divided into four major categories (i.e., Samhita, Brahmanas, Aryanakas and Upanishads). The last part of each Vedas is called Upanishads, which means "Sitting Next to a Teacher". This part is also known as Vedanta (i.e., the last part of the Vedas). There are 108 Upanishads, 13 of whRead more
Each Vedas are divided into four major categories (i.e., Samhita, Brahmanas, Aryanakas and Upanishads). The last part of each Vedas is called Upanishads, which means “Sitting Next to a Teacher”. This part is also known as Vedanta (i.e., the last part of the Vedas).
There are 108 Upanishads, 13 of which are the principal ones. The Upanishads contain various ideas related to the Yajnas, body, and Universe, but most of the ideas are related to Atman and Brahman.
The oldest Upanishads are in prose, but the later ones are in metres. The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and the Chhandogya Upanishad are among the earliest Upanishads. The early period of the Upanishad belongs to the period c. 1000-500 BCE. These texts mark the first clear reference to certain key ideas and practices related to the Hindu and other roots of Indian philosophical and religious traditions.
It is considered that the Upanishads are the compilations of different authors from different parts of Northern India over the centuries.
Ref. Singh, Upinder. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India.
See lessWhat are the vedas really about?
The Vedas are known as the most ancient texts of Hinduism and they reveal the intangible Truth which is unchanged by time or place. Veda is derived from "vid", which means "to know", and is a group of poems or hymns written in ancient Sanskrit by Indo-European people residing in northwest India duriRead more
The Vedas are known as the most ancient texts of Hinduism and they reveal the intangible Truth which is unchanged by time or place.
Veda is derived from “vid”, which means “to know”, and is a group of poems or hymns written in ancient Sanskrit by Indo-European people residing in northwest India during the 2nd millennium BCE.
Vedas are the foundation of the Indian scripture. The beliefs of Vedic religion form the basis of classical Hinduism. It explains how to live morally to bring happiness to society and improve our status.
There are two sections – Mantra and Brahmana.
There are totally three levels of definitions of sentences
The Vedic body is categorized into four Vedas:
Our perception of the world, and the knowledge we draw from it, is superficial. The nature of the world and the mystery of life can be uncovered only by the knowledge contained in the Veda. Hence, it is called eternal.
See lessDescribe the role of Buddhist literature in the creation of world peace. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2018]
Buddhist Literature advocates for non violence, understanding, and harmony. This makes it a more valuable resource for creating a peaceful world through Buddhist literature. The Bodhisattva is ideal for sacrificing this spirit and unselfishness showcasing the compassion towards the whole mankind. ThRead more
Buddhist Literature advocates for non violence, understanding, and harmony. This makes it a more valuable resource for creating a peaceful world through Buddhist literature. The Bodhisattva is ideal for sacrificing this spirit and unselfishness showcasing the compassion towards the whole mankind. The principles of Ahimsa (Non-violence) and forbearance tend to promote peace and prosperity in the world. As in Buddhism there is no creator for god to explain the origin of the universe. They teach through their literature that everything depends upon everything else and the present events are the causes of the past events while present will be the causes of the future events as well. It helps a person make a picture of religious, political history, and social time of lord Buddha and make the world peaceful.
See lessDescribe the geographical features of India mentioned in the vedic literatures. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2021]
Geographical Features of India in Vedic Literature The Himalayas stand out as significant mountain barriers, influencing climate and serving as the source of major rivers. The Sindhu River, associated with the Indus, was crucial for Vedic civilization, supporting settlements and trade. The Ganga andRead more
Geographical Features of India in Vedic Literature
The Himalayas stand out as significant mountain barriers, influencing climate and serving as the source of major rivers. The Sindhu River, associated with the Indus, was crucial for Vedic civilization, supporting settlements and trade. The Ganga and Yamuna rivers are frequently mentioned, symbolizing fertility and spiritual importance, especially during festivals like Ganga Dussehra.
The Gangetic plains are acknowledged for their prodigious agricultural output, vital for sustaining early societies. The Deccan Plateau, characterized by its unique topography, and the Western and Eastern Ghats contribute to the region’s biodiversity. Recent issues such as glacial melt due to climate change in the Himalayas highlight these geographical features’ continuing relevance to contemporary challenges in India.
See lessKrishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Krishnadeva Raya, the illustrious king of the Vijayanagara Empire (1509-1529 CE), is celebrated not only for his military prowess and administrative acumen but also for his profound contributions to learning and literature. Scholarly Accomplishments: Krishnadeva Raya was a polymath and an accomplishRead more
Krishnadeva Raya, the illustrious king of the Vijayanagara Empire (1509-1529 CE), is celebrated not only for his military prowess and administrative acumen but also for his profound contributions to learning and literature.
Scholarly Accomplishments:
Krishnadeva Raya was a polymath and an accomplished scholar himself. He was well-versed in various languages, including Telugu, Kannada, and Sanskrit. His personal literary works, notably the Telugu classic “Amuktamalyada,” are revered for their literary excellence and reflect his deep understanding of religious and philosophical themes.
Patronage of Learning:
Krishnadeva Raya’s patronage of literature and learning was unparalleled. He established a vibrant cultural and intellectual environment at his court, attracting scholars, poets, and artists from across the Indian subcontinent. The king’s court was known for its “Ashtadiggaj” or the eight great scholars, including notable figures such as Allasani Peddana, who contributed significantly to Telugu literature and poetry.
Promotion of Literature:
Under his reign, Telugu literature flourished, and many classical texts were composed or compiled. His support led to the creation of a rich corpus of literary works that celebrated not only the cultural heritage of the Vijayanagara Empire but also advanced regional literary traditions.
In summary, Krishnadeva Raya’s role as a scholar and patron of the arts greatly enriched the cultural and intellectual life of his time, making his reign a golden era for literature and learning in South India.
See lessGive an account of the Vedic literature. (125 Words) [UPPSC 2023]
Vedic literature, foundational to Hinduism, comprises the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. The Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda) include hymns, rituals, and chants dedicated to deities and cosmic order. The Brahmanas are prose texts detailing ritual practices and their siRead more
Vedic literature, foundational to Hinduism, comprises the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads. The Vedas (Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda) include hymns, rituals, and chants dedicated to deities and cosmic order. The Brahmanas are prose texts detailing ritual practices and their significance. The Aranyakas serve as transitional texts, focusing on the internalization of rituals through meditation. The Upanishads, the philosophical essence, explore concepts like Brahman (ultimate reality), Atman (soul), karma, dharma, and moksha (liberation). Vedic literature emphasizes the pursuit of knowledge, self-realization, and the interconnectedness of the universe, providing a comprehensive guide to spiritual and ethical living, aiming for harmony with the cosmos and liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
See lessExplain the significance of trauma in the novel, "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Khaled Hosseini.
In Khaled Hosseini's "A Thousand Splendid Suns," trauma plays a central and multifaceted role, shaping the characters' lives and the narrative's trajectory. The novel, set against the backdrop of Afghanistan's tumultuous recent history, uses trauma to illustrate the harsh realities faced by Afghan wRead more
In Khaled Hosseini’s “A Thousand Splendid Suns,” trauma plays a central and multifaceted role, shaping the characters’ lives and the narrative’s trajectory. The novel, set against the backdrop of Afghanistan’s tumultuous recent history, uses trauma to illustrate the harsh realities faced by Afghan women and the broader impacts of war and political instability.
The protagonists, Mariam and Laila, experience numerous traumatic events throughout their lives. These include physical and emotional abuse, loss of loved ones, forced marriages, and the constant threat of violence. Hosseini uses these traumatic experiences to highlight the resilience of Afghan women and their ability to survive and even find moments of joy in the most challenging circumstances.
Trauma in the novel also serves as a lens through which to view the larger societal issues in Afghanistan. The personal traumas of the characters mirror the collective trauma of a nation ravaged by war, oppression, and radical regime changes. This parallel underscores the interconnectedness of individual and national experiences.
Moreover, trauma in the novel acts as a catalyst for character development and relationship building. The shared experiences of trauma create a bond between Mariam and Laila, leading to a powerful friendship that becomes a source of strength and hope.
Ultimately, Hosseini’s portrayal of trauma in “A Thousand Splendid Suns” is not just about depicting suffering, but about showcasing human resilience, the power of relationships, and the potential for hope even in the darkest of circumstances. It serves as a poignant commentary on the human spirit’s capacity to endure and overcome.
See lessHow did the historical context of the Enlightenment influence the development of literature during that period?
The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that dominated Europe during the 18th century, profoundly influenced the development of literature during that period. This era, characterized by an emphasis on reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional institutions, shaped both the contentRead more
The Enlightenment, a philosophical movement that dominated Europe during the 18th century, profoundly influenced the development of literature during that period. This era, characterized by an emphasis on reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional institutions, shaped both the content and form of literary works.
Enlightenment ideals encouraged authors to question established norms and explore new ideas. This led to the rise of satirical works, such as Jonathan Swift’s “Gulliver’s Travels” and Voltaire’s “Candide,” which critiqued societal and political structures. The period also saw an increased focus on rational thought and empirical observation, reflected in the emergence of the novel as a literary form, with works like Daniel Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe” emphasizing realism and individual experience.
The Enlightenment’s emphasis on education and the spread of knowledge influenced the development of encyclopedic works and essays. Diderot’s “Encyclopédie” and the essays of John Locke exemplified this trend. Additionally, the period saw a renewed interest in classical forms and styles, leading to the Neoclassical movement in literature.
The concept of human rights and individual liberty, central to Enlightenment thought, found expression in works addressing social issues, such as Mary Wollstonecraft’s “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.” This period also witnessed the birth of modern literary criticism, with writers like Alexander Pope analyzing the nature of literature itself.
In essence, the Enlightenment’s focus on reason, individuality, and progress reshaped literature, encouraging critical thinking, social commentary, and new forms of expression that continue to influence writing to this day.
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