1. Introduction

Crop residue and stubble burning in north India is a significant environmental concern, particularly during the post-harvest season. The practice of burning crop residue releases large amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to poor air quality and adverse health effects.

2. Environmental and Health Impacts

The burning of crop residue releases harmful pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Exposure to these pollutants can lead to respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and other health issues.

3. Impact on Soil and Agriculture

Stubble burning also has devastating effects on soil health. The practice leads to soil degradation, loss of soil moisture, and destruction of beneficial microbes. This, in turn affects soil fertility, reducing crop yields and affecting agricultural productivity.

4. Need for Holistic Solutions

Current measures to address stubble burning, such and imposing fines and providing subsidies for machinery, have had limited success. A holistic approach is necessary to address this complex issue. This can include technological solutions, such as mechanized crop residue management systems, alternative uses for stubble, such as bio-energy production or composting, and incentives and awareness campaigns to educate farmers about the benefits of sustainable crop residue management practices.

5. Conclusion

The problem of air pollution caused by crop residue and stubble burning in north India requires immediate attention. A holistic approach that addresses the environmental, health, and agricultural impacts of stubble burning is necessary to mitigate this issue. It is essential to adopt integrated efforts to promote sustainable crop residue management practices and reduce the adverse effects of stubble burning.