Probationary marriage, often observed in certain tribal communities, is a unique practice where a couple enters a trial period of marriage before fully committing to each other. During this period, they live together and experience the dynamics of married life. This arrangement allows them to assess compatibility, resolve any issues, and determine if they want to continue the relationship permanently. If the couple finds the relationship successful, they can formalize their marriage through traditional rituals. This practice emphasizes the importance of mutual understanding and choice, providing an opportunity for both partners to make informed decisions about their future together.

Family courts are specialized judicial bodies that handle legal matters related to family issues, including divorce, child custody, adoption, domestic violence, and alimony. Established to provide a more accessible and supportive environment, family courts aim to resolve disputes amicably and prioritize the best interests of children and families. They often employ alternative dispute resolution methods, such as mediation, to encourage cooperation between parties. Family courts also provide services like counseling and support programs to help families navigate emotional and legal challenges. By focusing on family dynamics, these courts strive to promote healthier outcomes and ensure the welfare of all family members involved.

Material culture refers to the physical objects, artifacts, and technology created and used by a society. This includes items like clothing, buildings, tools, and art, reflecting the economic and technological aspects of a culture. Non-material culture, on the other hand, encompasses the intangible aspects of a society, such as beliefs, values, traditions, norms, language, and customs. While material culture is visible and tangible, non-material culture shapes social behavior and influences how people perceive the world. Both types of culture are essential in understanding the identity and practices of a society, as they interact and influence each other.

Underprivileged individuals are those who lack access to basic resources and opportunities essential for a decent quality of life. This group often includes people living in poverty, marginalized communities, and those facing systemic discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, or disability. Underprivileged individuals may struggle to access quality education, healthcare, and employment opportunities, leading to a cycle of disadvantage. Social and economic inequalities limit their ability to improve their living conditions. Efforts to support the underprivileged often focus on providing equal opportunities, resources, and social services to empower them and promote their inclusion in society.

भारतीय संविधान में हिन्दी को राजभाषा के रूप में प्रतिष्ठित करने के उपाय (1955-1967)

1. Official Language Act, 1963:
इस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत, हिन्दी को संघ की राजभाषा के रूप में अधिसूचित किया गया, जिससे सरकारी कार्यों में हिन्दी का उपयोग बढ़ा।

2. अनुवाद का प्रावधान:
राजभाषा अधिनियम के तहत, सभी महत्वपूर्ण सरकारी दस्तावेजों का हिन्दी में अनुवाद करना अनिवार्य किया गया।

3. शैक्षिक सुधार:
1955 में हिंदी साहित्य और भाषा के प्रचार-प्रसार के लिए विश्वविद्यालयों में हिंदी की पढ़ाई को बढ़ावा दिया गया।

4. भाषा आयोग:
1964 में स्थापित राजभाषा आयोग ने हिन्दी के विकास और प्रयोग के लिए सिफारिशें कीं।

5. सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम:
सरकार ने हिन्दी भाषा और साहित्य के प्रचार के लिए विभिन्न सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रमों का आयोजन किया।

इन उपायों ने हिन्दी को राष्ट्र की एकता और अखंडता का प्रतीक बना दिया।