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India is the second worst affected Covid-19 nation in the world. A fast vaccination process along with social distancing and mask use is the only solution to overcome the deadly virus. Describe the role played by our nation in countering ...
मानव विकास का मापन कैसे किया जाता है? मानव विकास कार्य-सूची को प्राप्त करने के लिए बिहार सरकार की सात प्रतिबद्धताएँ क्या हैं? इन लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए सरकार की योजनाओं को समझाइए। [67वीं बीपीएससी मुख्य परीक्षा 2022]
मानव विकास का मापन कैसे किया जाता है? मानव विकास का मापन मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) के माध्यम से किया जाता है, जो संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (UNDP) द्वारा विकसित किया गया एक सूचकांक है। यह सूचकांक तीन प्रमुख आयामों पर आधारित होता है: जीवन प्रत्याशा (Life Expectancy) व्यक्ति की औसत आयु जीवन प्रत्यRead more
मानव विकास का मापन मानव विकास सूचकांक (HDI) के माध्यम से किया जाता है, जो संयुक्त राष्ट्र विकास कार्यक्रम (UNDP) द्वारा विकसित किया गया एक सूचकांक है। यह सूचकांक तीन प्रमुख आयामों पर आधारित होता है:
इन आयामों के आधार पर HDI के माध्यम से किसी देश या राज्य की मानव विकास स्तर को आँका जाता है। यह 0 से 1 के बीच होता है, जिसमें 1 उच्चतम मानव विकास को दर्शाता है।
बिहार सरकार ने मानव विकास कार्य-सूची को प्राप्त करने के लिए सात प्रतिबद्धताएँ निर्धारित की हैं, जिन्हें “सात निश्चय” भी कहा जाता है। ये नीतियाँ बिहार के सामाजिक और आर्थिक विकास को बढ़ावा देने के उद्देश्य से बनाई गई हैं:
बिहार सरकार ने इन सात निश्चयों को साकार करने के लिए कई योजनाओं को लागू किया है:
How is human development measured? What are seven commitments of Bihar Government for achieving human development agenda? Explain the schemes of the Government for achieving these goals. [67th BPSC Main Exam 2022]
How is Human Development Measured? Human development is typically measured using several key indicators that reflect the overall well-being of individuals in a society. The most widely recognized framework for measuring human development is the Human Development Index (HDI), which includes the folloRead more
Human development is typically measured using several key indicators that reflect the overall well-being of individuals in a society. The most widely recognized framework for measuring human development is the Human Development Index (HDI), which includes the following components:
These indicators help governments and institutions gauge the overall development in terms of both economic prosperity and the quality of life available to the population.
The Bihar Government has outlined a clear roadmap to achieve its human development goals. Chief Minister Nitish Kumar, in particular, has articulated seven key commitments that focus on improving various aspects of human development in the state. These commitments aim to ensure inclusive growth and enhance the living standards of the population.
The Bihar Government’s efforts to achieve human development have been guided by the above seven commitments, which cover crucial areas such as education, health, and infrastructure. However, the success of these initiatives depends on their effective implementation and adequate funding.
जनांकिकी लाभांश से आप क्या समझते हैं? यू० एन० एफ० पी० ए० की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, भारत विशेष रूप से बिहार को इसके लाभ उठाने के अवसर किस समय तक प्राप्त होंगे? बिहार द्वारा इस संबंध में उठाए गए कदमों ...
जनांकिकी लाभांश का अर्थ जनांकिकी लाभांश से तात्पर्य उस आर्थिक लाभ से है जो तब प्राप्त होता है जब किसी देश में कार्यशील जनसंख्या (15-64 वर्ष) का अनुपात अन्य उम्र समूहों की तुलना में अधिक होता है। इसका सीधा प्रभाव आर्थिक विकास और सामाजिक सुधार पर पड़ता है क्योंकि अधिक श्रम शक्ति का अर्थ है अधिक उत्पादRead more
जनांकिकी लाभांश से तात्पर्य उस आर्थिक लाभ से है जो तब प्राप्त होता है जब किसी देश में कार्यशील जनसंख्या (15-64 वर्ष) का अनुपात अन्य उम्र समूहों की तुलना में अधिक होता है। इसका सीधा प्रभाव आर्थिक विकास और सामाजिक सुधार पर पड़ता है क्योंकि अधिक श्रम शक्ति का अर्थ है अधिक उत्पादन और समृद्धि।
संयुक्त राष्ट्र जनसंख्या कोष (यूएनएफपीए) की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, भारत को जनांकिकी लाभांश का लाभ 2055 तक मिल सकता है। विशेष रूप से, बिहार जैसे राज्य, जहाँ युवा जनसंख्या का हिस्सा बड़ा है, को इस जनांकिकी अवसर का लाभ 2040-2050 तक मिलने की संभावना है। यह समयावधि बिहार की अर्थव्यवस्था में उन्नति और सामाजिक विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण अवसर प्रदान करती है।
बिहार सरकार ने इस जनांकिकी लाभांश का अधिकतम लाभ उठाने के लिए कई महत्वपूर्ण कदम उठाए हैं, जिनमें शामिल हैं:
बिहार में जनांकिकी लाभांश के माध्यम से आर्थिक और सामाजिक विकास की अपार संभावनाएँ हैं। इसके लिए आवश्यक है कि सरकार शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, कौशल विकास और रोजगार सृजन के क्षेत्र में निरंतर सुधार करती रहे। यदि बिहार इन प्रयासों को सही दिशा में आगे बढ़ाता है, तो वह जनांकिकी लाभांश का पूर्ण लाभ उठा सकता है, जो राज्य की अर्थव्यवस्था और समाज को सशक्त बनाएगा।
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What do you understand by demographic dividend? According to the UNFPA Report, up to what time India specially Bihar will have opportunity to reap its benefit? Throw light on the steps taken by Bihar in this respect. [67th BPSC Main ...
Introduction A demographic dividend is a situation in which a country experiences boom growth that is significantly driven by massive upsurge of people in the working ages. This broadly means that more people are in the age and therefore a good labour supply all of which will create greater productiRead more
Introduction
A demographic dividend is a situation in which a country experiences boom growth that is significantly driven by massive upsurge of people in the working ages. This broadly means that more people are in the age and therefore a good labour supply all of which will create greater productivity and in-turn economic output. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) realized there was a unique opportunity garbage to seize in India’s Bihar State on such a possible demographic dividend. The article will hence be able to explain the concept of demographic dividend, the timeframe within which India and Bihar can tap it, and steps taken by Bihar to use its demographic dividend potential.
What is Demographic Dividend?
In terms, demographic dividend represents a bonus period during a country’s demographic transition when the working-age population (group aged 15 to 64 years) is much larger when compared to the dependent population. As a result, such a favorable age structure may have a mechanical effect by producing growth-enhancing factors such as expansion of an employed labor force in the proper way and a more effective improvement in productivity. This, however, does not happen automatically: one has to invest in schooling, health, etc., and place meaningful economic directions that generate employment and opportunities.
India’s Demographic Dividend
India forges ahead of China India is set to become the most populous country in 2023, overtaking China. UNFPA has stated that India shall have a demographic dividend for a large part of the coming decades with peaks around 2020-2040. India will have the advantage of a large young population during this phase, which although a demographic dividend, is a potential economic game-changer if effectively harnessed.
Bihar’s Demographic Dividend
Of India’s most populous states, Bihar has an especially youthful demographic. Bihar will enjoy the dividends of its demographic transition till the early 2050s, the UNFPA report claimed. This long period presents an excellent opportunity for the state to achieve tangible economic development. But to reap rewards, Bihar needs to overcome many hurdles: high unemployment, low educational attainment and poor health infrastructure.
Education and Skill Development Investment:
Bihar’s SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan): To give a boost to primary education, SSA has been launched in Bihar. Its emphasis is on enrollment, retention, and quality.
Initiative (BSDI): Starting in 2012, BSDI plans to train 20 million people by 2022 in different fields. This program teams up with private companies to offer job training and help people learn new skills.
Healthcare Improvements:
To improve healthcare infrastructure, reduce infant and maternal mortality rates and improve health outcomes, the Bihar State Health Society (BSHS) has been systemically involved in the initiatives to promote health and hygiene. One significant scheme is the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) under the JSY, (money is provided) pregnant women for institutional deliveries, which directly / indirectly contribute to better maternal and child health. But such efforts can be fraught because systemic issues can stymie progress. While these goals are laudable, achieving them will take a well-resourced sustained commitment.
Creating Jobs Through Economic Reforms:
Industrial Development:
The truth is that the Bihar State Electronics Development Corporation (BISEDCO) has been actively cultivated the electronics and information technology industries in the region (Bihar) and generating a lot of jobs. Moreover the formation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) itself is not just an effort aimed at attracting an investment but also to ensure an industrial boom. However, the overall goal is to promote the economy of Bihar where much remains to be done for growth.
Agricultural Development:
Amidst policy engagements, the Bihar Krishi Vikas Yojana (BKVY) emerged as progress in agriculture modernisation, productivity enhancement, and job creation in the sector. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have also been on the agenda: various schemes and policies of the state government support MSMEs, which can substantively employ a substantial part of the workforce. But the success of these initiatives depends on their fit with local needs and conditions, because failure to do so can undermine their realized impact. While the initiatives are encouraging, the need for continuous monitoring and adjustment will be essential to ensure they align with the changing needs of the agricultural economy. A multifaceted approach is an ambitious one, and it must be balanced between innovation and practicality.
Infrastructure Development:
Road and Transport:
This investment in road infrastructure is therefore designed to improve connectivity and help the flow of people and goods in Bihar. But such developments can go beyond transport efficiencies, potentially spurring economic growth. While there are still hurdles remaining in other industries, the move toward infrastructure is vital as it sets the stage for future developments. Such a multidimensional strategy is key to promoting a more interconnected region that serves the interets of both the local population and broader economic goals.
Rural Development:
Efforts like the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (BRLPS) focus specifically on empowering the rural population, the goal being to greatly increase their standard of living. But the success of these programs is often contingent on other external factors. The complexity lies in the fact that rural dynamics differ enormously from region to region. While the BRLPS has achieved significant progress, challenges persist in sustaining these improvements for the long term. At the end of the day, its all dependent on how local culture and economic situations are combined to help determine how well these things do.
Social and Cultural Initiatives:
Empowerment of Women: Initiatives like Mahila Samakhya aim to empower women which not only increase their participation in the workforce but also improves their all-round status. Youth Empowerment — Several initiatives have been launched by the state government to engage and empower youth including sports development, cultural events and leadership training programa.
Challenges and the Way Forward: However, despite such efforts, Bihar is still facing several challenges that hinder it from tapping the full potential of its demographic dividend. Major obstacles include high levels of poverty, poor access to quality education and healthcare, and limited job opportunities. These concerns highlight the need for the state to keep in mind systemic approaches that reach further than the short-term when considering the challenges that lie ahead; and the future of the region depends on that.
Enhance Educational Outcomes:
Improving the quality of education, especially in rural areas, is an issue that will always remain relevant. This will require a huge increase in the number of properly-qualified teachers in these regions, but these efforts are often met with the challenges of systems. Besides, the development of school infrastructure is also essential as it affects the learning environment. While there have been projects focused on tackling these concerns, the effectiveness of these actions depends on continued prioritization and investment of resources. It is this multi-pronged approach that is necessary for ensuring that students in rural areas receive an education that is not only equitable but also of high quality.
Improve Healthcare Services:
Improving health outcomes requires a robust and resilient health system, which starts with strengthening primary health care centres and increasing the number of health workers. But we need much stronger public health programs to deal with major problems like malnutrition and infectious disease.” Such a multifaceted approach is needed because, while the existing frameworks do exist, they are often insufficiently comprehensive to adequately address these endemic challenges. All of these components will help strengthen the healthcare structure while also building a healthier society, too.
Promote Inclusive Growth:
It is essential that economic opportunities are available for everyone in society (1), including marginalized and rural populations. Nevertheless, creating an ecosystem that supports entrepreneurship and innovation is essential to achieve this. The possibilities for development are significant, since inclusive economic practices may translate to a fairer society, despite the challenges that remain. This cycle of opportunity — individuals doing well, and thus communities doing well, and thus economies doing well, and thus countries doing well — sparks greater opportunity not only for people themselves, but also for larger, national economic development efforts.
Create More Jobs:
If we want to bring in more investments, we need to create supportive policies and incentives, but we also have to foster labor-rich industries. These sectors have the capacity to create a large number of jobs. While at the outset this might induce capital, ultimately this becomes a greater economic win as it addresses employment in a manner that is sustainable.
Conclusion
The demographic dividend is a great opportunity for Bihar for accelerated economic growth and development. Targeting investments for education, healthcare, infrastructure and job creation will help unlock the soured potential of a younger and growing workforce. Timeframe of next upcoming four decades until the early 2050s provides a significant window of opportunity to implement these initiatives to ensure that the demographic dividend transforms into tangible economic benefits for the population of Bihar. That said, while the state’s efforts to date reflect a step in the right direction, continued systemic strategies are necessary to maximize this unique demographic opportunity. But this pursuit requires an integrated approach from all sectors, since the desired impact can only be realised in this way.
See lessबिहार में व्याप्त आर्थिक एवं सामाजिक विषमताओं के मुख्य कारण क्या है? सरकार द्वारा इन असमानताओं को कम करने के लिए उठाए गए कदमों का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए। [67वीं बीपीएससी मुख्य परीक्षा 2022]
What are the main causes of disparity in economic and social development prevalent in Bihar? Critically evaluate the measures taken by the Government to reduce these inequalities. [67th BPSC Main Exam 2022]
Bihar, one of the least developed states in India, faces significant disparities in economic and social development. These inequalities are rooted in historical, geographical, and socio-economic factors, and despite various measures, they persist in areas such as income, education, and health. The fRead more
Bihar, one of the least developed states in India, faces significant disparities in economic and social development. These inequalities are rooted in historical, geographical, and socio-economic factors, and despite various measures, they persist in areas such as income, education, and health. The following sections discuss the main causes of these disparities and evaluate the effectiveness of government efforts to reduce them.
The Bihar government’s efforts to reduce socio-economic disparities have shown mixed results. While programs in education, skill development, and rural infrastructure have contributed to progress, challenges in implementation and resource allocation persist. The limited industrial base and dependency on agriculture mean that the state still lacks diverse economic opportunities, affecting income equality.
See lessबिहार सरकार के 2019-20 के आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण में यह कहा गया है कि गत तीन वर्षों में बिहार की विकास दर भारत की विकास दर से अधिक रही है। अर्थव्यवस्था के किन क्षेत्रों ने इस प्रगति में योगदान किया है? ...
बिहार की आर्थिक विकास दर का विश्लेषण बिहार सरकार के 2019-20 के आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण में यह उल्लेख किया गया है कि बिहार की विकास दर पिछले तीन वर्षों में भारत की विकास दर से अधिक रही है। यह बिहार की आर्थिक वृद्धि और विकास में एक सकारात्मक बदलाव को दर्शाता है। 1. बिहार की उच्च विकास दर बिहार की विकास दर 20Read more
बिहार सरकार के 2019-20 के आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण में यह उल्लेख किया गया है कि बिहार की विकास दर पिछले तीन वर्षों में भारत की विकास दर से अधिक रही है। यह बिहार की आर्थिक वृद्धि और विकास में एक सकारात्मक बदलाव को दर्शाता है।
बिहार की आर्थिक वृद्धि ने न केवल राज्य की अर्थव्यवस्था को सशक्त किया है, बल्कि यह राज्य की समग्र सामाजिक और आर्थिक प्रगति के लिए सकारात्मक संकेतक भी है। हालांकि, इन विकास दरों को बनाए रखने के लिए और कई अन्य क्षेत्रों में सुधार करने की आवश्यकता है। राज्य सरकार द्वारा उठाए गए कदमों का क्रियान्वयन और केंद्र सरकार की मदद से बिहार में और भी बड़े बदलाव संभव हैं।
See lessIn Economic Survey of Bihar Government for 2019-20, it has been mentioned that Bihar has registered higher growth rate than the growth rate of India in last three years. Which sectors of economy have contributed to this progress? Discuss. [67th ...
The Economic Survey of Bihar for 2019-20 highlights that Bihar has achieved a higher growth rate than the national average in recent years. This growth is significant as it reflects Bihar’s improving economic scenario despite being one of India’s less-developed states. Several sectors have contributRead more
The Economic Survey of Bihar for 2019-20 highlights that Bihar has achieved a higher growth rate than the national average in recent years. This growth is significant as it reflects Bihar’s improving economic scenario despite being one of India’s less-developed states. Several sectors have contributed to this progress, particularly in areas such as agriculture, industry, construction, and the services sector.
Despite impressive growth in these sectors, Bihar faces challenges, such as the need for further industrialization, improved education quality, and skill development. The state’s reliance on agriculture, coupled with seasonal flooding, requires more robust disaster management and climate-resilient agricultural practices.
See lessभारत की संसद राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण कर एक प्रभावी मंच है। विवेचना कीजिए। [67वीं बीपीएससी मुख्य परीक्षा 2022]
भारत की संसद और राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण भारत की संसद राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण का एक प्रभावी मंच है, क्योंकि यह विभिन्न भाषाओं, संस्कृतियों, धर्मों, और जातियों के लोगों को एक मंच पर लाकर एकजुट करती है। भारतीय लोकतंत्र की यह सबसे बड़ी विशेषता है कि यहाँ विभिन्न विचारधाराएँ, विविधताएँ और मतभेद हैं, फिर भी संसद का मुखRead more
भारत की संसद राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण का एक प्रभावी मंच है, क्योंकि यह विभिन्न भाषाओं, संस्कृतियों, धर्मों, और जातियों के लोगों को एक मंच पर लाकर एकजुट करती है। भारतीय लोकतंत्र की यह सबसे बड़ी विशेषता है कि यहाँ विभिन्न विचारधाराएँ, विविधताएँ और मतभेद हैं, फिर भी संसद का मुख्य उद्देश्य इन विविधताओं को सामंजस्यपूर्ण रूप से एकजुट करना है।
हालाँकि भारतीय संसद राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण के लिए काम कर रही है, कुछ क्षेत्रीय दलों और विचारधाराओं के बीच मतभेद कभी-कभी राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर चुनौतीपूर्ण साबित होते हैं। विशेषकर जब राष्ट्रीय निर्णय क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं, संस्कृतियों और संसाधनों से जुड़े होते हैं, तो इन मुद्दों को हल करना कठिन हो सकता है। उदाहरण के तौर पर, कश्मीर मुद्दा और अन्य क्षेत्रीय विवादों ने संसद की एकता को चुनौती दी है।
भारत की संसद राष्ट्रीय एकीकरण का प्रभावी मंच है, क्योंकि यह विभिन्न विचारधाराओं, संस्कृतियों, और समाज के विभिन्न वर्गों को एकजुट करके राष्ट्रीय हित में निर्णय लेने में सक्षम बनाती है। हालांकि, क्षेत्रीय और सांस्कृतिक विविधताओं के बीच कुछ मतभेद हो सकते हैं, लेकिन संसद का कर्तव्य है कि वह इन विभिन्नताओं को सकारात्मक रूप से जोड़कर राष्ट्र के समग्र विकास की दिशा में काम करे।
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India’s Role in Countering the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Make in India Concept India, the second worst-affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic, faced a massive challenge in controlling the spread of the virus while ensuring the health and safety of its 1.3 billion people. Amidst this, the governmeRead more
India’s Role in Countering the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Make in India Concept
India, the second worst-affected country by the COVID-19 pandemic, faced a massive challenge in controlling the spread of the virus while ensuring the health and safety of its 1.3 billion people. Amidst this, the government under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership took bold steps to manage the crisis. One of the key strategies was to accelerate the vaccination drive, combined with the implementation of social distancing and mask usage. These efforts were in alignment with the Make in India initiative, which played a crucial role in combating the pandemic by focusing on local manufacturing and self-reliance.
Role of the Government in Countering COVID-19
The Make in India Concept: A Key to India’s Success in the Pandemic
The Make in India initiative, launched by Prime Minister Modi in 2014, aimed at boosting the manufacturing sector, increasing job creation, and reducing dependency on imports. This initiative played a significant role during the pandemic in two key areas:
Challenges and Impact of thendia Approach
While Make in India played a significant role in the country’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, several challenges persisted:
Despite these challenges, India’s ability to mobilize local resources and rapidly scale up production in key sectors proved to be crucial in the fight against COVID-19.
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