According to Dr. K.R. Qanungo, Sher Shah Suri was a constructive genius and arguably a better nation builder than Akbar the Great due to his innovative policies and administrative reforms.

Sher Shah implemented a robust administrative framework, establishing a centralized system that improved governance. He introduced the decimal revenue system, which made tax collection more efficient and fair, benefiting the agrarian economy.

His emphasis on infrastructure development, particularly the construction of the Grand Trunk Road, facilitated trade and communication, enhancing economic prosperity.

Additionally, Sher Shah’s efforts in maintaining law and order and his focus on justice established a sense of stability.

While Akbar is often celebrated for his cultural and religious tolerance, Sher Shah’s practical and immediate reforms laid the groundwork for a unified and prosperous state, showcasing his nation-building capabilities.

Ibrahim Lodi’s defeat in the Battle of Panipat (1526) can be attributed to several key factors:

1. Weak Leadership: Ibrahim’s leadership faced significant challenges, leading to discontent among his troops and lack of cohesive strategy.
2. Babar’s Military Strategy: Babar employed effective tactics, including the innovative use of artillery and strategic positioning, which gave him a tactical advantage.
3. Lack of Alliances: Ibrahim lacked strong alliances, while many regional rulers supported Babar, bolstering his forces.
4. Divided Forces: Disunity within Ibrahim’s army weakened its combat effectiveness, as soldiers were demoralized and lacked coordination.
5. Superior Training: Babar’s troops were better trained and experienced, enhancing their performance in battle.

These factors combined led to Ibrahim Lodi’s decisive defeat.