Solar cells, otherwise known as photovoltaic cells, produce electricity from sunlight. They use semiconductor materials, most commonly silicon, which absorb photons. That absorption energizes electrons, flowing with their own inherent electric field to create an electrical current through the material.

Uttarakhand is a biodiversity-dense region which has several fish species with the potential to be cultivated. Some of the major cultivable species include Indian major carps (Rohu, Catla, and Mrigal), common carp, trout. These fishes thrive in the state’s rivers, streams, and artifical reservoirs and are a substantial contributor to local aquaculture and fisheries. Sustainable cultivation of such plants can ensure their roles and contribution towards the economy.

Antimicrobials are food preservatives that protect food from spoiling from bacteriophages and fungi or keep chemical modifications of the food. Preservatives include — sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, calcium propionate and sulfites. those compounds serve a twin cause: they allow people keep food secure and fit to be eaten while adhering with precautionary measures which reduce waste and threat this is connected to ailments due to food.