Bio-fertilizers are the ones produced from living microorganisms which improve soil fertility and stimulus to plant growth as natural way. These are differentiated into three characteristic i.e. bacterial (Rhizobium, Azotobacter), fungal (mycorrhizae), and algal (green-blue algae). They fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphates and decompose organic matter, making nutrients more accessible to plants. Bio-fertilizers can hold a number of advantages, including better soil health, higher crop productivity, and decrease in reliance on fertilizers that can have an adverse affect on the surrounding habitat. They help foster sustainable agriculture because they enhance soil biodiversity and resilience. Bio-fertilizers are inexpensive and can be produced at a local level and becliboe is available to small-scale farmers.

Glucose, a basic sugar and important energy source, has a molecular formula of C6H12O6. It comes in two major forms, α-glucose and β-glucose, with both forms characterized by a hexagonal ring structure with five carbons and one oxygen atom as well as a sixth carbon atom hanging outside the ring. The two forms (α and β) differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group (OH) on the first carbon.

Glucose is usually tested by the Benedict’s test, a solution of Benedict’s reagent is heated with the sample. Indication is in a manner that, in a presence of glucose, solution will agitate from blue (no glucose) to green (left) to yellow (mid left) to brick red (right) in a space of reducing sugars. The other common methodology uses glucose test strips that change color based on the glucose concentration of urine or blood.