The “Nine-dash Line” serves as a boundary established by China to outline its maritime entitlements in the South China Sea, an area abundant in resources and crucial shipping lanes. The line comprises nine dashed segments that enclose a large region, which conflicts with the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of neighboring nations such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. This overlap is the main cause of disagreements, as these countries assert their own claims over parts of the same territory, resulting in diplomatic strains and disputes related to sovereignty and rights to resources. The unclear nature and historical context of the line further exacerbate the situation, rendering it a prominent source of international conflict.

The National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) in India holds a crucial position in defending and enhancing the rights of children. Established in 2005 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, its primary duties include promoting the welfare of children, monitoring the implementation of their rights, and advocating for policies that benefit the youth. The NCPCR examines cases of rights violations against children and proposes solutions for improvement. However, debates about its effectiveness frequently emerge. While it has made notable strides in raising awareness and influencing policy, it grapples with challenges such as limited resources and difficulties in enforcement that hinder its impact. Despite these challenges, the NCPCR remains a vital organization in the ongoing fight for children’s rights in India.

Judicial Review refers to the authority held by courts to evaluate and, if necessary, invalidate laws or executive actions that are found to be unconstitutional. On the other hand, Judicial Activism describes a situation where judges make rulings influenced by their own beliefs or political views, which is frequently perceived as exceeding the conventional limits of their role.