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"Effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in the governance system are inter-dependent." Discuss their relationship in the context of India. (200 words) [UPSC 2016]
Model Answer Introduction The effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people's participation in governance are interdependent concepts crucial for a thriving democracy. In India, this relationship is evident through the functioning of the three-tier government structure—central,Read more
Model Answer
Introduction
The effectiveness of the government system at various levels and people’s participation in governance are interdependent concepts crucial for a thriving democracy. In India, this relationship is evident through the functioning of the three-tier government structure—central, state, and local—and the significant role of citizen involvement.
Body
Case Studies of Effective Governance
Health Sector:
States like Tamil Nadu and Kerala exemplify how effective governance relies on citizen participation. Kerala’s successful response to the Nipah virus in 2018 and the COVID-19 pandemic was largely due to the active engagement of Local Self Governments (LSGs) and community involvement, showcasing the effectiveness of decentralized health governance (Source: Kerala State Health Department, 2020). In Tamil Nadu, significant public participation in implementing the Public Health Act has contributed to building a robust health infrastructure.
Role of Decentralization
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments established Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), enhancing local governance and citizen participation. These bodies facilitate participatory planning and budgeting, allowing citizens to influence resource allocation and development priorities.
Social Audits and Transparency
Social audits empower citizens to monitor government schemes, fostering accountability. The Right to Information (RTI) Act further enhances transparency by enabling citizens to access government functioning details, thereby reducing corruption (Source: Transparency International, 2021).
Civil Society Organizations
Civil society organizations play a critical role in raising awareness about government schemes and ensuring that citizens access their rights. They act as watchdogs, holding the government accountable and bridging the gap between the system and the populace.
Technology and Citizen Participation
Technology has become a vital tool for promoting citizen engagement. Online platforms like MyGov facilitate public participation in policymaking, while initiatives like Digital India streamline service delivery, ensuring benefits reach intended beneficiaries efficiently.
Conclusion
The Delhi model of education highlights effective government-citizen collaboration. The transformation of government schools through School Management Committees (SMCs) illustrates how participatory governance can lead to significant improvements. Strengthening the interdependence between government effectiveness and citizen participation is essential for inclusive development and the well-being of all citizens in India.
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