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“Human-wildlife conflict in India is escalating due to habitat fragmentation and climate change. Discuss the key factors driving this conflict and suggest effective strategies for sustainable coexistence. (200 words)
Human-Wildlife Conflict in India Causes & Solutions To Ensuring Sustainable Co-Existence In India, man-animal conflict had been increasing rapidly, largely because of habitat fragmentation and climate change. As human development spreads outward, and natural habitat gets smaller, wildlife is incRead more
Human-Wildlife Conflict in India Causes & Solutions To Ensuring Sustainable Co-Existence
In India, man-animal conflict had been increasing rapidly, largely because of habitat fragmentation and climate change. As human development spreads outward, and natural habitat gets smaller, wildlife is increasingly displaced into human-dominated environments and competed for food and space by people. This is particularly so in landscapes where large numbers of people live next to protected areas, causing conflicts when elephants, tigers and leopards cross the line and make off with crops, property and even lives.
Climate change is exacerbating this challenge by affecting the availability of water and food, pushing animals to move in search of better conditions. For instance, abnormal rainfall patterns result in periodic water scarcity, forcing elephants to raid sustries for crop tops. Similarly, heat can reduce the presence of prey, prompting predators to look to humans in settlements as alternative prey.
Addressing these conflicts requires a multi-pronged approach. First, the protection and enhancement of connectivity among habitat through wildlife corridors and restoration can prevent the fragmentation of existing habitat and permit animals to move safely. Community-based conservation programs can further promote goodwill and stewardship among local residents toward wildlife and reduce antagonism to animals. Additionally, the application of early warning systems and non-lethal deterrents, such as electric fences and bee hives, can prevent such encounters and preserve human and animal lives.
Ultimately, however, sustainable living with nature depends upon the balance created with nature—one built from mutual cooperation and creative planning to achieve the mutual needs of people and wildlife.
See lessExplain the benefits of e-technology for Indian farmers. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 200 words)
In India, e-technology has transformed the sector of agriculture. Digital tools and platforms enable real-time data access and better crop and market management for farmers. One of the major advantages of this is accurate weather predictions and soil health information that helps farmers to make theRead more
In India, e-technology has transformed the sector of agriculture. Digital tools and platforms enable real-time data access and better crop and market management for farmers. One of the major advantages of this is accurate weather predictions and soil health information that helps farmers to make the right decisions about their planting and harvest timing. This can not only enhance productivity but also minimizes the chances of crop failure.
In addition, e-technology enables greater access to financial services and government schemes. Farmers are now being supported with easy avail day-to-day loans and also subsidies under various schemes digitally through Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi). Innovative digital platforms such as eNAM (National Agriculture Market) have also reformed the way farmers sell their crops, protecting them from manipulative pricing and dependency on contractors.
Many steps have been taken by the Indian government to promote e-technology in agriculture. The government has also initiated several reforms, such as the Digital Agriculture Mission and the National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGP-A), which develop a strong digital infrastructure and train farmers. Mobile applications — such as Kisan Suvidha and mKisan — have been launched to provide farmers relevant data on prices of crops, pest infestation and best agronomic practices. All these initiatives together would result in making Indian agriculture sustainable and profitable thereby enhancing the quality of life of a large number of farmers.
See lessDiscuss the significance of India’s clean energy transition in the context of energy security, economic growth, and climate resilience. What are the key challenges hindering this transition, and suggest viable policy measures to accelerate it. (200 words)
India's shift to renewables is crucial to attaining energy independence, invigorating growth, and strengthening resilience against climate change impacts. The world’s third-largest energy consumer, India is being increasingly encouraged by its rising energy needs and dependence on imported fossil fuRead more
India’s shift to renewables is crucial to attaining energy independence, invigorating growth, and strengthening resilience against climate change impacts. The world’s third-largest energy consumer, India is being increasingly encouraged by its rising energy needs and dependence on imported fossil fuels to venture into renewable energy. This transition offers enormous economic potential — green jobs, technology development, sustainable development. Moreover, for Indian economy to tackle climate crisis and realise greenhouse gas emission reductions, the leap-frog to clean energy is imperative to make the economy climate-resilient.
However, this transition is not without its challenges. There is a huge up-front cost to building out renewable energy infrastructure, and the need to modernize the power grid is pressing. The intermittent nature of solar and wind energy also presents challenges. Confusing regulations can also haunt the investments, and delay the deployment of clean technologies. However, for this transition to happen quickly, we need robust policy actions in India to make this happen. This may involve strengthening government support for renewable energy initiatives, creating clear and consistent regulatory environments, and encouraging public-private partnerships to attract both domestic and international investment. Again, operationalizing R&D into storage technologies, along with financing solutions aimed at SMEs engaged in the clean energy landscape will be equally imperative. But in order to claim the benefits of the sustainable energy future, India has to deal with these issues.
See lessIn India, women bear a heavier burden of poverty compared to men. In this context, examine the causes of poverty among women and the measures taken to address it. (Answer in 200 words)
Women in India face a disproportionate status bar of poverty, an epidemic entrenched in long-standing social, economic and cultural inequalities. Access to education, limited job opportunities, and social norms that perpetuate gender inequality are among the main factors that exacerbate this problemRead more
Women in India face a disproportionate status bar of poverty, an epidemic entrenched in long-standing social, economic and cultural inequalities. Access to education, limited job opportunities, and social norms that perpetuate gender inequality are among the main factors that exacerbate this problem. A lack of education presents a significant hindrance for women, which impacts their ability to find employment and makes them less likely to be financially compensated for it. Also, men are often expected to be the main breadwinner of the household, while women are often expected to stay at home, taking care of unpaid work, which limits their opportunities in the economy.
In order to fight against this problem, the Government of India, as well as a number NGOs, introduced several programs. The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (Save the Girl Child, Educate the Girl Child) is a campaign launched by the Government of India to prevent sex selective abortions of females, with a focus on the survival and protection, along with education of young girls. Microfinance initiatives and self-help groups (SHGs) offer women access to the capital and training needed to start small businesses and earn an income. In addition, various legal reforms such as Dowry Prohibition Act and Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, etc., are enacted to protect rights of women and elevate their status in the society.
Despite these efforts, many hurdles still must be overcome.” The solutions need to be multi-faceted and strive for equal education for all, advancing gender equality and establishing the relevant legal and social setting to make a meaningful difference. If India were to address these core issues, it could eliminate the gender gap in poverty and develop a more equitable society.
See lessWhat is "Nine-dash Line? Why is it a bone of contention? [Answer Limit: 50 words] [UKPSC 2023]
The "Nine-dash Line" serves as a boundary established by China to outline its maritime entitlements in the South China Sea, an area abundant in resources and crucial shipping lanes. The line comprises nine dashed segments that enclose a large region, which conflicts with the Exclusive Economic ZonesRead more
The “Nine-dash Line” serves as a boundary established by China to outline its maritime entitlements in the South China Sea, an area abundant in resources and crucial shipping lanes. The line comprises nine dashed segments that enclose a large region, which conflicts with the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of neighboring nations such as Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. This overlap is the main cause of disagreements, as these countries assert their own claims over parts of the same territory, resulting in diplomatic strains and disputes related to sovereignty and rights to resources. The unclear nature and historical context of the line further exacerbate the situation, rendering it a prominent source of international conflict.
See lessDiscuss the obligations of the National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights in India. Is it effective? [Answer Limit: 50 words] [UKPSC 2023]
The National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) in India holds a crucial position in defending and enhancing the rights of children. Established in 2005 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, its primary duties include promoting the welfare of children, monitoriRead more
The National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) in India holds a crucial position in defending and enhancing the rights of children. Established in 2005 under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, its primary duties include promoting the welfare of children, monitoring the implementation of their rights, and advocating for policies that benefit the youth. The NCPCR examines cases of rights violations against children and proposes solutions for improvement. However, debates about its effectiveness frequently emerge. While it has made notable strides in raising awareness and influencing policy, it grapples with challenges such as limited resources and difficulties in enforcement that hinder its impact. Despite these challenges, the NCPCR remains a vital organization in the ongoing fight for children’s rights in India.
See lessThrow light on the key issues of the Uttarakhand State Focus Paper 2023-24. Name the priority sectors it seeks to strengthen. [Answer Limit: 50 words] [UKPSC 2023]
The Uttarakhand State Focus Document for 2023-24 tackles essential challenges including sustainable growth, infrastructure improvement, and economic advancement. The main sectors identified for development are tourism, farming, and renewable energy sources. This document stresses the importance of aRead more
The Uttarakhand State Focus Document for 2023-24 tackles essential challenges including sustainable growth, infrastructure improvement, and economic advancement. The main sectors identified for development are tourism, farming, and renewable energy sources. This document stresses the importance of adopting environmentally friendly practices in tourism, updating agricultural methods, and increasing the production of hydroelectric energy. Additionally, it points out the necessity of enhancing road networks, healthcare services, and educational establishments to foster comprehensive development and draw in investments. The emphasis is on achieving a harmony between economic development and ecological preservation to secure a sustainable future for the state.
See lessAssess the strategic significance of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) in the context of India’s foreign policy. Discuss how India can enhance its influence in the region amidst growing geopolitical competition. (200 Words)
The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) plays a crucial role in shaping India's foreign policy and safeguarding its national interests. As a central hub, the IOR is vital for international trade, energy stability, and sea routes, with more than 70% of global maritime commerce navigating these waters. PositionRead more
The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) plays a crucial role in shaping India’s foreign policy and safeguarding its national interests. As a central hub, the IOR is vital for international trade, energy stability, and sea routes, with more than 70% of global maritime commerce navigating these waters. Positioned centrally in the IOR, India enjoys a strategic edge, which allows it to exert its power and sway within the region. India’s approach to foreign relations in the IOR is guided by the principle of “SAGAR” (Security and Growth for All in the Region), highlighting the need for a cooperative and inclusive strategy towards maritime safety and economic progress. This initiative seeks to bolster maritime alliances, improve awareness of maritime activities, and foster sustainable growth in the area. Nevertheless, the IOR is experiencing heightened geopolitical rivalry, especially from China, which has been increasing its naval presence and economic sway through projects like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In response to these challenges, India must amplify its influence by implementing several strategic actions:
Bolstering Maritime Partnerships: India ought to strengthen its collaborations with significant maritime countries like the United States, Japan, and Australia through initiatives like the Quad. These partnerships are crucial for upholding a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
Economic Collaboration: India should capitalize on its economic strengths to provide alternative investment and development opportunities to smaller nations in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), thereby decreasing their reliance on China. Efforts such as the Indo-Pacific Oceans’ Initiative (IPOI) can foster regional economic unity and collective efforts.
Advancing Naval Strength: By prioritizing the modernization of the Indian Navy and creating essential infrastructure, including naval bases and ports, India can enhance its capacity to project power and safeguard maritime safety.
Diplomatic Engagement: Active diplomatic efforts are essential for India to build trust and promote a rules-based framework in the IOR. Involvement in multilateral platforms and regional bodies can aid in constructing a collaborative security framework.
By embracing a comprehensive strategy, India can amplify its presence in the IOR, contributing to a stable and thriving region that corresponds with its strategic goals.
See lessWhat is the Swiss Challenge Model? Highlight the benefits and challenges associated with it. (Answer in 200 words)
The Swiss Challenge Model represents a creative approach to procurement, mainly utilized in public-private partnerships (PPPs) and infrastructure initiatives. This method, which has its roots in Switzerland, begins with a public agency inviting initial proposals. Subsequently, these proposals can beRead more
The Swiss Challenge Model represents a creative approach to procurement, mainly utilized in public-private partnerships (PPPs) and infrastructure initiatives. This method, which has its roots in Switzerland, begins with a public agency inviting initial proposals. Subsequently, these proposals can be contested by other private organizations. To succeed in the challenge, the challenger must present a more advantageous offer, often focusing on aspects like cost, efficiency, or innovation. Should the challenge prove effective, the original bidder has the option to either match this new offer or withdraw, thus ensuring that the public entity secures the best possible deal.
Advantages:
– Increased Competition: This model fosters a competitive atmosphere, which often leads to innovative and more economical solutions
– Transparency: It enhances openness by allowing various stakeholders to engage in and examine the bidding process
– Public Benefit: By prioritizing value for money, it ensures that taxpayer money is spent wisely, ultimately benefiting the community as a whole.
Challenges:
– Complexity: The entire process can be intricate and lengthy, necessitating thorough assessment and management of numerous proposals
– Legal and Administrative Challenges: Managing disputes and ensuring regulatory compliance can lead to higher legal and administrative expenses
– Risk of Tactical Challenges: Some participants might exploit the challenge mechanism to stall or hinder procurement efforts, rather than to genuinely enhance the project.
In summary, while the Swiss Challenge Model provides a solid framework for enhancing public projects, its successful application demands careful strategy and strong governance to address possible hurdles.
See lessState the objectives of Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana. What are the benefits of this scheme ? [Answer Limit: 50 words] [UKPSC 2023]
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY): The aim of this plan is to provide an unsecured loan of up to ₹10 lakh to a small business. The programme aims to develop such businesses and create new jobs. Some of its key goals are to foster entrepreneurship, enhance financial access, and support inclusive groRead more
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY): The aim of this plan is to provide an unsecured loan of up to ₹10 lakh to a small business. The programme aims to develop such businesses and create new jobs. Some of its key goals are to foster entrepreneurship, enhance financial access, and support inclusive growth. Borrowers may need the money for business expenses, for example, for the purchase of equipment, or to pay their day-to-day expenses. Among the main fringe benefits of this program are a streamlined loan application process, reduced interest rates, and assistance with skills development and marketing strategies. Cumulatively, such a program has been of immense value by classifying and enabling micro and small businesses to drive economic development and generate employment.
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