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"The uneven development of Indian States has created many socio-economic and political problems." Critically analyze the statement with special reference to Bihar. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
Uneven Development Among Indian States: Socio-Economic and Political Challenges in Bihar India’s states show significant differences in development, creating various socio-economic and political issues. Bihar, one of the least developed states, provides a case study of how these disparities contribuRead more
Uneven Development Among Indian States: Socio-Economic and Political Challenges in Bihar
India’s states show significant differences in development, creating various socio-economic and political issues. Bihar, one of the least developed states, provides a case study of how these disparities contribute to social challenges and migration pressures.
1. Socio-Economic Issues
2. Education and Health Disparities
3. Political and Governance Issues
Impact on India as a Whole
Uneven development has fostered competitive federalism, with states like Bihar struggling to keep up. This contributes to growing inequality and stresses urban infrastructure in developed states due to migration, affecting social cohesion across India.
See lessIndian federal structure is constitutionally oriented towards the Central Government. Explain. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
Indian Federal Structure: Central Orientation India's federal structure is often described as having a "tilt" towards the central government, meaning that while India is a union of states, the central government holds more power than the states in several key areas. 1. Constitutional Provisions SingRead more
Indian Federal Structure: Central Orientation
India’s federal structure is often described as having a “tilt” towards the central government, meaning that while India is a union of states, the central government holds more power than the states in several key areas.
1. Constitutional Provisions
2. Financial Control
3. Emergency Provisions
4. Concurrent List Advantage
Example: GST Implementation
The implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) serves as an example of central dominance. Although states have representation in the GST Council, the center plays a crucial role in decision-making, affecting states’ fiscal independence.
See less"The role of the President of India is like an old man in family who has all the authorities, however, he cannot do anything effective if the naughty-young members of family do not listen him." Evaluate. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
The Role of the President of India: An Evaluation The President of India holds a unique role within India’s democratic framework, often likened to the respected elder in a family. Although the President is officially the head of state, many of their powers are exercised only with the advice and apprRead more
The Role of the President of India: An Evaluation
The President of India holds a unique role within India’s democratic framework, often likened to the respected elder in a family. Although the President is officially the head of state, many of their powers are exercised only with the advice and approval of the elected government.
1. Constitutional Powers of the President
2. Role in Practice
3. Challenges and Limitations
Example: President’s Role in a Hung Parliament
In case of a hung Parliament, the President may play a decisive role in selecting the Prime Minister, exercising discretion. However, this influence is rare and typically comes into play only when political structures are unstable.
See lessDiscuss about Harit Bharat Sankalp', a Mobile App, to promote environment protection and sustainability in India. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
Harit Bharat Sankalp: A Mobile App for Environmental Sustainability The Harit Bharat Sankalp, also known as the Harit Path app, is a mobile application launched to support environmental protection and sustainability in India, particularly in the development and maintenance of national highways. KeyRead more
Harit Bharat Sankalp: A Mobile App for Environmental Sustainability
The Harit Bharat Sankalp, also known as the Harit Path app, is a mobile application launched to support environmental protection and sustainability in India, particularly in the development and maintenance of national highways.
Key Objectives
Key Features
Environmental Impact
This app supports the Green Highways Policy, which promotes highway-side greenery to offset carbon emissions, improve air quality, and protect biodiversity.
See lessDiscuss between the India-European (EU) Broad-based Trade and Investment Agree- ment. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) The India-European Union (EU) Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) is a proposed trade deal aimed at boosting economic ties between India and the EU. Negotiations began in 2007 but have faced challenges over issues like market aRead more
India-EU Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA)
The India-European Union (EU) Broad-based Trade and Investment Agreement (BTIA) is a proposed trade deal aimed at boosting economic ties between India and the EU. Negotiations began in 2007 but have faced challenges over issues like market access, labor rights, and data protection. Below are the main components and sticking points of the agreement.
Key Objectives
Major Issues in Negotiations
Current Status
As of recent discussions, India and the EU have agreed to resume negotiations, with hopes of bridging gaps to finalize the agreement, which could significantly strengthen economic and strategic ties.
See lessExamine the recent basic features and provisions of 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana' after the spread of COVID-19 pandemic with special reference to India. [66th BPSC Main Exam 2020]
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana: Key Features and Provisions The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana (ABRY) was launched by the Government of India in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support job creation and economic recovery, especially for businesses and workers in the formal sector. 1. ObjecRead more
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana: Key Features and Provisions
The Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana (ABRY) was launched by the Government of India in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support job creation and economic recovery, especially for businesses and workers in the formal sector.
1. Objectives of the Scheme
2. Key Provisions
3. Eligibility Criteria
Impact and Importance
The ABRY scheme is part of India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Initiative), designed to boost economic resilience by increasing job opportunities and formal sector employment. By alleviating some of the financial burdens on employers and enhancing job security for workers, the scheme plays a crucial role in India’s post-pandemic recovery.
See lessDiscuss the Process of soil formation [ 5 marks & 150 words ] UPSC 2024 PYQ
Soil formation is a continuous and complex process that involves several factors working together over time. The key processes involved are: 1. Weathering of Parent Material: Soil formation begins with the weathering of rocks (parent material) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. PhRead more
Soil formation is a continuous and complex process that involves several factors working together over time. The key processes involved are:
1. Weathering of Parent Material:
Soil formation begins with the weathering of rocks (parent material) through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Physical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces, while chemical weathering alters minerals, and biological weathering involves the action of organisms like plants and microorganisms.
2. Climate Influence:
Climate, particularly temperature and rainfall, plays a significant role in soil formation. High rainfall accelerates weathering and leaching, while temperature influences the rate of chemical reactions. In hot and wet climates, soils tend to be more weathered and leached.
3. Organisms:
Plants, animals, and microorganisms contribute organic matter that enriches the soil, influencing its texture, structure, and fertility. Decomposed organic material forms humus, which improves soil moisture retention and nutrient availability.
4. Topography:
The shape and slope of the land affect water drainage and erosion, influencing soil development. Steep slopes may lead to soil erosion, while flat areas accumulate soil.
5. Time:
Over long periods, soils evolve, and different horizons (layers) develop, contributing to the soil’s profile and fertility.
This process results in a variety of soil types with unique characteristics based on these influencing factors.
See lessAgriculture Practices
Regenerative agriculture practices, like crop rotation and cover cropping, can help reverse environmental damage caused by intensive farming in several key ways: 1. Soil Health Improvement: Crop rotation: By alternating the types of crops grown in a specific area, soil nutrient depletion is reduced.Read more
Regenerative agriculture practices, like crop rotation and cover cropping, can help reverse environmental damage caused by intensive farming in several key ways:
1. Soil Health Improvement:
Crop rotation: By alternating the types of crops grown in a specific area, soil nutrient depletion is reduced. Different crops have varying nutrient requirements and root systems, which can help break pest and disease cycles, reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, and improve overall soil fertility. This practice can also reduce soil erosion.
Cover cropping: Growing plants that aren’t harvested, such as legumes, helps fix nitrogen in the soil, improving its nutrient content without synthetic fertilizers. Cover crops also protect the soil from wind and water erosion, and their roots help structure the soil, increasing its capacity to retain water.
2. Carbon Sequestration:
Both crop rotation and cover cropping enhance the soil’s ability to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Plants, through photosynthesis, capture CO2, and when roots decompose in the soil, they form organic matter, which stores carbon. This can help mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
3. Biodiversity:
These practices foster greater biodiversity in farming ecosystems. Crop rotation encourages a variety of plant species, which attracts different beneficial insects and improves pollination. Cover crops also provide habitat for pollinators and soil organisms, enhancing overall ecosystem resilience.
4. Water Management:
Both practices help improve water retention in the soil, which reduces the need for irrigation. Cover crops can reduce water runoff by absorbing excess rainfall, and crop rotation can help prevent soil compaction, which impedes water infiltration.
Barriers to Adoption:
1. Economic Constraints:
Short-term costs: Regenerative practices may require an initial investment in terms of seeds, labor, and time. Farmers accustomed to intensive, monoculture farming may see crop rotation and cover cropping as an additional cost, especially if there is a yield loss in the short term.
Market demands: Conventional farming tends to focus on high-yield crops that are in demand. Shifting to regenerative practices might result in fewer immediate profits, which can be a barrier for farmers working on tight margins.
2. Knowledge and Expertise:
There’s often a lack of knowledge or technical support on how to effectively implement these practices. Farmers may be unfamiliar with how to choose the right cover crops or design a crop rotation system that works for their land and climate.
3. Cultural Resistance:
Conventional farming practices are deeply entrenched in many farming communities. Shifting to regenerative methods can be seen as a risky or unnecessary change, especially in regions where industrial agriculture has been practiced for generations.
4. Policy and Subsidies:
Government policies and subsidies are often geared toward conventional farming methods, making regenerative practices less financially attractive. Without incentives or support, farmers may be reluctant to change.
5. Transition Period:
The shift from conventional to regenerative farming practices can take time. During the transition, farmers may experience a decline in productivity or face challenges in managing pests or soil health, which can deter them from adopting these practices fully.
Despite these barriers, with the right policy support, education, and market incentives, regenerative agriculture practices like crop rotation and cover cropping can significantly reduce the environmental impact of farming and help restore ecosystem health.
See lessDefine any four: (a) Injury (b) Hurt (c) Grievous hurt (d) Wrongful gain and wrongful loss (e) Punishment
Here are the definitions for the terms you requested: (a) Injury: Injury refers to any harm or damage caused to a person’s body or health, whether it is physical, mental, or emotional. It can result from an accident, negligence, or intentioRead more
Here are the definitions for the terms you requested:
(a) Injury: Injury refers to any harm or damage caused to a person’s body or health, whether it is physical, mental, or emotional. It can result from an accident, negligence, or intentional harm, and may not always result in significant harm to the person.
(b) Hurt: Hurt is defined as any act that causes bodily injury or harm to a person. It can include minor injuries or physical pain caused intentionally or recklessly. The harm does not need to be severe or permanent for it to be considered hurt.
(c) Grievous Hurt: Grievous hurt refers to severe physical injury that causes significant harm to the victim. It includes injuries that may endanger life, cause permanent disability, or result in the loss of a body part. Examples of grievous hurt are fractures, permanent disfigurement, or injury to vital organs.
(d) Wrongful Gain and Wrongful Loss:
Wrongful Gain: A gain obtained by unlawful means, where a person gains something through deceit, theft, or illegal activities.
Wrongful Loss: A loss caused by wrongful or illegal actions, where someone suffers harm or loses property due to actions that violate their rights.
(e) Punishment: Punishment is the penalty or consequence imposed on an individual for committing an offense. It is a legal sanction designed to deter criminal behavior, correct wrongdoers, and provide justice to victims. The severity of punishment varies based on the nature and seriousness of the offense.
See less