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competitive exams of india
The National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) and the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) are two of the most competitive and widely taken entrance exams in India. While they are designed to ensure that only the best students get admitted to top engineering and medical colleges, there are concernsRead more
The National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) and the Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) are two of the most competitive and widely taken entrance exams in India. While they are designed to ensure that only the best students get admitted to top engineering and medical colleges, there are concerns about their fairness for all students.
Arguments for fairness:
Arguments against fairness:
Amendments in tax policies
Amendments to existing tax policies can have a significant impact on the economy and society. Here are some potential amendments that could be considered for the betterment of the future: Simplify Tax Laws: Consolidate and streamline tax laws to reduce complexity, ambiguity, and litigation. EliminatRead more
Amendments to existing tax policies can have a significant impact on the economy and society. Here are some potential amendments that could be considered for the betterment of the future:
Amendment in Indian constitution
The procedure for amending the Constitution of India is laid down in Article 368 of the Constitution, which states that any amendment to the Constitution can be initiated by either the Parliament or the State Legislature. The procedure for amendment is as follows: Parliamentary Initiative A Bill forRead more
The procedure for amending the Constitution of India is laid down in Article 368 of the Constitution, which states that any amendment to the Constitution can be initiated by either the Parliament or the State Legislature. The procedure for amendment is as follows:
Parliamentary Initiative
State Legislature Initiative
Ensuring Flexibility:
Judiciary
Preparing for judiciary exams can be a daunting task, especially for someone relatively new to the field. Here are some steps you can take to prepare: Understand the exam format and pattern: Familiarize yourself with the exam format, question types, and marking scheme. Judiciary exams typically consRead more
Preparing for judiciary exams can be a daunting task, especially for someone relatively new to the field. Here are some steps you can take to prepare:
Discuss the persisting issues related to fiscal stability of states in India. Also, suggest measures that need to be taken to address these issues.
According to a recent RBI report, states like Punjab, Rajasthan, Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, etc. have a high debt burden. The cumulative debt of states has risen from 19.1 percent in 2018-19 to 25.1 percent in 2021-22. While fiscal stability of states is nRead more
According to a recent RBI report, states like Punjab, Rajasthan, Kerala, West Bengal, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, etc. have a high debt burden. The cumulative debt of states has risen from 19.1 percent in 2018-19 to 25.1 percent in 2021-22. While fiscal stability of states is necessary for sound sub-national fiscal health, there are persisting issues regarding it.
They are as follows:
Measures that need to be taken for long-term stability of state finances include:
What is Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)? Discuss the policy implications of introducing it in India.
A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a new variant of central bank money different from physical cash or central bank reserve/settlement accounts. It is a central bank liability, denominated in an existing unit of account, which serves both as a medium of exchange and a store of value. It can bRead more
A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) is a new variant of central bank money different from physical cash or central bank reserve/settlement accounts. It is a central bank liability, denominated in an existing unit of account, which serves both as a medium of exchange and a store of value. It can be issued under three models, Le. direct, indirect and hybrid.
Various implications of its issuance include:
As there are multiple compelling motivations for the introduction of CBDCs, the RBI is currently engaged in working towards a phased implementation strategy, going step by step through various stages of pilots followed by the final launch, and simultaneously examining use cases that could be implemented with minimal or no disruption.
See lessIndia has achieved significant strides in various development parameters such as economic growth, women's education, and fertility rates. However, the country's Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) remains amongst the lowest in the world. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to improve the FLFPR in India.
The ability of women to participate in the labour force is the outcome of various economic and social factors including educational attainment, fertility rate and the age of marriage, economic growth/cyclical effects, and urbanization. In the recent years, India has scored significant gains in someRead more
The ability of women to participate in the labour force is the outcome of various economic and social factors including educational attainment, fertility rate and the age of marriage, economic growth/cyclical effects, and urbanization. In the recent years, India has scored significant gains in some of these parameters, including:
However, the country’s Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) remains amongst the lowest in the world. The FLFPR declined steadily from 47.1 percent in 1987-88 to 23 percent in 2017-18, reaching its lowest since Independence. While it rose to 32.5 percent by 2020-21, it is still far below the 77 percent for men. The reasons for the decline are as follows:
Measures to improve FLFPR in India:
To chart a gender-sensitive socio-economic development, the government, private sector, media, and the social sector need to work together to improve the working conditions of women, reduce wage gaps, increase opportunities for women across sectors, and bring about behavioural change in society.
See lessForeign Direct Investment (FDI) can act as an important source of non-debt finance for India's economic development. Discuss in the context of steps taken to boost FDI in India.
Answer: Non-debt finance is important for India's economic development because unlike debt finance, there is no direct repayment obligation for the residents as well as the government. In this context, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can play a significant role as an important source of non-debt finRead more
Answer: Non-debt finance is important for India’s economic development because unlike debt finance, there is no direct repayment obligation for the residents as well as the government. In this context, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can play a significant role as an important source of non-debt finance, which can be discerned by the following:
Despite consistent increase, India has further room to attract FDI and finance India’s development path:
FDI brings industrial growth, development projects, technical and managerial expertise along with finance. In this context, the government has taken the following measures over the years to provide an enabling and investor friendly FDI policy:
Against the backdrop of growth challenges being faced by major economies of the world and new geo-political issues, the continuing reform momentum by the government will attract increasing volume of investment from MNCs and facilitate their larger integration in the domestic supply chain. Further measures such as enhanced effectiveness of the national single window for approval/clearances, greater tax certainty, incentivizing R&D and innovation, and stronger contract enforcement mechanisms are needed.
See lessWith focus on the methodology used by different committees, explain how the estimation of poverty has evolved in India since its independence.
The World Bank has defined the absolute poverty line as the percentage of the population of a country living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) at constant prices at 2011 price levels. It can be measured either in absolute terms or in relative terms. In 1962, the Planning Commission constituted a workinRead more
The World Bank has defined the absolute poverty line as the percentage of the population of a country living on less than $1.90 a day (PPP) at constant prices at 2011 price levels. It can be measured either in absolute terms or in relative terms. In 1962, the Planning Commission constituted a working group to estimate poverty nationally, and it formulated separate poverty lines for rural and urban areas of Rs 20 and Rs 25 per capita per year, respectively. This early estimate was followed by the following Committees in India:
Currently, poverty estimation in India is carried out by NITI Aayog’s task force through the calculation of poverty line based on the data captured by the National Sample Survey Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI). Based on this, in 2011-12, the poverty line was defined for rural areas as consumption worth Rs 816 per person a month and for urban areas it was Rs 1,000 per person per month. Thus, the government uses Monthly Per Capita Expenditure (MPCE) as a proxy for income of households to identify the poor.
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