ARTICLE 368: provides power and procedure to Parliament for constitutional amendments.

Supreme Court vs Kesavananda Bharati case (1973) evolved the basic structure of doctrine and consolidated the balance between rigidity and flexibility. 

Arguments of the Petitioners:  They argued that fundamental rights were violated. He pleaded to the court to receive recourse.

• It says that certain parts cannot be amended, i.e., It has underlined the rigid nature by allowing amendments to all others. It has the flexible nature of the amending process.

Flexible Amendment Process

Benefits:

1. Adaptability: Ensures relevance
2. Democratic Reflection: Aligns with the current will of the people
3. Efficient Problem-Solving: Enables quicker responses to urgent problems, preventing prolonged societal discord.

Drawbacks:

1. Hasty Decisions: Risk impulsive amendments
2. Partisan Manipulation: Favors powerful groups
3. Erosion of Principles: Core values and protections

Rigid Amendment Process

Benefits:

1. Stability: Ensures well-considered changes
2. Rights Protection: Safeguards fundamental rights from impulsive changes.
3. Abuse Prevention: prevents partisan manipulation for gains.

Drawbacks:

1. Resistance to Change: Complicates addressing pressing issues
2. Obsolescence: hinders progress.
3. Inefficiency: Delays responses to critical issues.

Balance Approach: Maintains core principle of rigidity, allows flexibility elsewhere. Periodic review ensures relevance, reflecting societal needs for resilience and responsiveness.

Thus, balances the need for stability and adaptability of the Constitution.