In political science, “coming together federations” and “holding together federations” are two different types of federal systems. Here is the description about these two federation with suitable examples:

¹. Coming Together Federation: It was formed when independent states voluntarily unite to create a larger political entity. This type of federation ensures that member states benefit from shared sovereignty while retaining significant powers. Its primary motive is to enhance security, economic strength, and international influence.

Characteristics: It typically features a strong central government to handle common interests like defense, foreign affairs, and trade.

Examples : United States, Switzerland, India, Australia

Holding Together Federation: It is formed when a large country decide to share its power between the constituent states and the national government to manage differences and prevent parts of the country from breaking away. This helps maintain national unity while allowing regions to handle their own affairs.

Characteristics: The central authority seeks to manage regional aspirations and prevent fragmentation and it also features a weaker central government with significant powers devolved to regional governments.

Examples: India, Belgium, Spain