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How far is Integrated Farming System (IFS) helpful in sustaining agricultural production? (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Integrated Farming System (IFS) and Sustainable Agricultural Production 1. Holistic Approach: Diversification: IFS integrates various agricultural practices like crop cultivation, livestock rearing, fish farming, and agroforestry, reducing reliance on a single source of income. For example, integratRead more
Integrated Farming System (IFS) and Sustainable Agricultural Production
1. Holistic Approach:
2. Resource Efficiency:
3. Risk Management:
4. Environmental Benefits:
Recent Example:
Overall, IFS enhances agricultural sustainability by improving resource use efficiency, risk management, and environmental health.
See lessDo you agree with the view that steady GDP growth and low inflation have left the Indian economy in good shape? Give reasons in support of your arguments. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Steady GDP Growth and Low Inflation: Indian Economy's Status 1. Steady GDP Growth: Positive Indicator: India’s GDP growth has remained robust, with a projected growth rate of around 6-7% for recent years, indicating a strong economic trajectory. This growth supports employment creation and infrastruRead more
Steady GDP Growth and Low Inflation: Indian Economy’s Status
1. Steady GDP Growth:
2. Low Inflation:
Supporting Arguments:
In conclusion, steady GDP growth and low inflation indicate a robust economic environment, although challenges such as structural reforms and global uncertainties remain.
See lessEnumerate the indirect taxes which have been subsumed in the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Also, comment on the revenue implications of the GST introduced in India since July 2017. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Indirect Taxes Subsumered in Goods and Services Tax (GST) The Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India on July 1, 2017, subsumed several indirect taxes, streamlining the tax system. The major indirect taxes subsumed under GST include: Central Excise Duty: Previously levied on the manufactureRead more
Indirect Taxes Subsumered in Goods and Services Tax (GST)
The Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in India on July 1, 2017, subsumed several indirect taxes, streamlining the tax system. The major indirect taxes subsumed under GST include:
Revenue Implications of GST
The introduction of GST has had mixed revenue implications:
Overall, GST has streamlined the tax system and improved efficiency, but its revenue impact has evolved as the system matures and compliance improves.
See lessAnalyze internal security threats and transborder crimes along Myanmar, Bangladesh and Pakistan borders including Line of Control (LoC). Also discuss the role played by various security forces in this regard. (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
Internal Security Threats and Transborder Crimes Along Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan Borders 1. Threats and Crimes Along the Myanmar Border Internal Security Threats: The India-Myanmar border is fraught with ethnic insurgency and militant activities. Groups like the United Liberation Front of AsRead more
Internal Security Threats and Transborder Crimes Along Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan Borders
1. Threats and Crimes Along the Myanmar Border
Internal Security Threats: The India-Myanmar border is fraught with ethnic insurgency and militant activities. Groups like the United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA) and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) use the border as a base for their operations. For instance, the NSCN(K) faction has been involved in cross-border attacks and has utilized Myanmar’s territory to evade Indian security forces.
Transborder Crimes: The border is also a conduit for illegal smuggling of goods, including drugs and arms. The narcotics trade between Myanmar and India, particularly through the Manipur border, has been a significant issue, exacerbating local drug abuse problems.
2. Threats and Crimes Along the Bangladesh Border
Internal Security Threats: The India-Bangladesh border experiences illegal immigration and cross-border terrorism. Issues like infiltration by extremists and the movement of terrorist groups such as the Jamatul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) have been reported. The JMB has used the border to infiltrate and establish sleeper cells in India.
Transborder Crimes: The border is notorious for human trafficking and smuggling of goods, including fake currency. The Dhubri-Kurigram region has been highlighted for its smuggling activities.
3. Threats and Crimes Along the Pakistan Border, Including LoC
Internal Security Threats: The India-Pakistan border and the Line of Control (LoC) are heavily affected by cross-border terrorism and militant infiltration. Groups like the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) operate from Pakistan and target Indian territories, including recent incidents of cross-border shelling and attacks in Jammu and Kashmir.
Transborder Crimes: The border also faces challenges from smuggling and illegal activities. The smuggling of arms and drugs across the LoC has been a persistent problem, with Pakistan-based groups facilitating these operations.
Role of Security Forces
1. Border Security Force (BSF): The BSF is tasked with guarding the borders with Bangladesh and Myanmar. It plays a crucial role in preventing illegal immigration, smuggling, and cross-border crime. The BSF’s initiatives include surveillance, border fencing, and community engagement to curb transborder crimes.
2. Assam Rifles: Deployed along the Myanmar border, the Assam Rifles focus on counter-insurgency operations, border patrolling, and countering drug trafficking. They are instrumental in maintaining security in the northeast states and coordinating with Myanmar authorities.
3. Indian Army: On the Pakistan border and LoC, the Indian Army is primarily involved in counter-terrorism operations and defense against infiltration and militant activities. The Army conducts coordinated strikes against terrorist camps and is involved in cross-border surveillance and strategic operations.
4. National Investigation Agency (NIA): The NIA plays a significant role in investigating and tackling terrorist activities and transborder crimes. It coordinates with various state and central agencies to address the threats posed by cross-border terrorism and organized crime.
In conclusion, the internal security threats and transborder crimes along the Myanmar, Bangladesh, and Pakistan borders require a multi-faceted approach involving comprehensive border management, effective counter-terrorism strategies, and international cooperation. The role of security forces is critical in mitigating these threats and maintaining national security.
See lessWhat are the determinants of left-wing extremism in Eastern part of India? What strategy should Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
Determinants of Left-Wing Extremism in Eastern India Left-wing extremism (LWE) in Eastern India, particularly in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal, is driven by several key factors: 1. Socio-Economic Disparities: Persistent poverty and underdevelopment in tribal and ruralRead more
Determinants of Left-Wing Extremism in Eastern India
Left-wing extremism (LWE) in Eastern India, particularly in states like Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal, is driven by several key factors:
1. Socio-Economic Disparities: Persistent poverty and underdevelopment in tribal and rural areas contribute to the rise of extremist ideologies. For instance, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh have high levels of poverty and unemployment, which create fertile ground for LWE groups to exploit grievances.
2. Historical Marginalization: Indigenous communities in Eastern India have long faced discrimination and land alienation. The Kondh tribes in Odisha and Adivasi populations in Jharkhand have experienced marginalization, fueling resentment against the state.
3. Weak Governance: Ineffective administration and lack of infrastructure in remote areas often result in poor delivery of public services. This failure is exemplified in regions like Maoist-affected areas of Chhattisgarh, where inadequate governance has allowed extremist groups to gain a foothold.
4. Land and Resource Conflicts: Conflicts over land rights and resource extraction have intensified tensions. For example, the bauxite mining conflict in Niyamgiri Hills (Odisha) has been a flashpoint for LWE activity.
5. Political Instability: In some states, political instability and corruption exacerbate grievances. This has been observed in West Bengal, where sporadic violence and political unrest have provided opportunities for LWE groups to assert influence.
Strategies to Counter Left-Wing Extremism
1. Integrated Security and Development Approach: The government should adopt a comprehensive strategy that combines security operations with development initiatives. For example, the Surrenders and Rehabilitation Policy in Chhattisgarh aims to integrate former extremists into mainstream society while addressing their grievances.
2. Enhanced Intelligence and Coordination: Improved intelligence gathering and coordination among various security agencies are crucial. The Unified Command Structure in Maoist-affected states helps streamline operations and improve response times.
3. Community Engagement and Development: Focused efforts on community development and engagement can address root causes of discontent. Initiatives like the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) provide employment opportunities and infrastructure improvements in affected regions.
4. Addressing Grievances and Marginalization: The government should address land rights and tribal issues to mitigate long-standing grievances. For instance, the Forest Rights Act (2006) aims to recognize and vest rights to forest land in tribal communities.
5. Educational and Vocational Training: Educational and vocational programs should be enhanced to provide alternative livelihoods and reduce the appeal of extremist groups. Programs targeting youth in Maoist-affected areas can play a critical role in prevention.
In conclusion, tackling left-wing extremism in Eastern India requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses the underlying socio-economic issues while implementing effective security measures. Coordination between government, civil administration, and security forces is essential to mitigate the threat and promote sustainable development in affected regions.
See lessDiscuss the recent measures initiated in disaster management by the Government of India departing from the earlier reactive approach. (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
Recent Measures in Disaster Management by the Government of India The Government of India has significantly evolved its approach to disaster management in recent years, shifting from a traditionally reactive stance to a more proactive and comprehensive strategy. This transition is characterized by sRead more
Recent Measures in Disaster Management by the Government of India
The Government of India has significantly evolved its approach to disaster management in recent years, shifting from a traditionally reactive stance to a more proactive and comprehensive strategy. This transition is characterized by several key measures:
1. National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) 2019: The NDMP 2019 represents a significant departure from the reactive approaches of the past. It emphasizes proactive measures, risk reduction, and resilience building. The plan outlines a clear framework for risk assessment, capacity building, and community involvement, aiming to enhance preparedness and response mechanisms.
2. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Initiatives: The NDMA has introduced several initiatives to strengthen disaster management. For instance, the National Policy on Disaster Management 2009 was updated to incorporate lessons from recent disasters. The NDMA’s Disaster Management Guidelines and National Disaster Management Plan now focus on integrated risk management and preventive measures, including early warning systems and public awareness campaigns.
3. State-Level Disaster Management Authorities: States have been empowered to formulate and implement their own disaster management plans. For example, the Kerala State Disaster Management Plan includes provisions for community-based disaster management and local-level preparedness, reflecting a more localized and proactive approach.
4. Technological Integration: The use of advanced technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery, has enhanced disaster forecasting and monitoring. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has improved its early warning systems for cyclones and floods, which are crucial for timely evacuations and preparedness.
5. Community Participation and Capacity Building: Recent measures emphasize the importance of community engagement in disaster management. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has launched various programs to train community volunteers and local officials, fostering a culture of preparedness and resilience.
6. Financial and Institutional Support: The creation of the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) and the National Disaster Mitigation Fund (NDMF) provides essential resources for both immediate response and long-term recovery efforts. These funds support infrastructure improvements, disaster-proofing, and capacity-building initiatives.
In summary, the Government of India’s recent measures in disaster management reflect a paradigm shift towards a more proactive, technology-driven, and community-oriented approach, enhancing the overall resilience and preparedness of the nation.
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