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"One is not born a woman but becomes one"
Simon De Beauvoir was a French philosopher and feminist. Beauvoir mentions this quote in her Magnum Opus book 'The 'Second Sex' published in 1949. The work discusses the myriad of women-centric issues, inspiring equality and liberation of women from the shackles of economic dependency. Beauvoir tracRead more
Simon De Beauvoir was a French philosopher and feminist. Beauvoir mentions this quote in her Magnum Opus book ‘The ‘Second Sex’ published in 1949. The work discusses the myriad of women-centric issues, inspiring equality and liberation of women from the shackles of economic dependency.
See lessBeauvoir traces the status of women from beginning till modern times through the methods of historical materialism and research. This refers to the influence of social and economic conditions on shaping the history and fortunes of women. The statement stands as the most historic argument for challenging the patriarchal code. By claiming “One is not born a woman; one becomes a woman, she argues that a woman is not born; she is gradually shaped by social and cultural factors. Her upbringing in certain parameters leads her to the process of ‘becoming’ a woman. Women acquire their roles from men and other members of society; biology has no role in this. Hence, womanhood is something that is attained by a woman rather than something innate.
Beauvior’s stance also contributes to gender studies in questioning the construction of gender identity. The main issue lies in the social and physiological conditioning of women, which psychologically forces her to subscribe to her assigned ‘role’ as a woman.
Physiological and social conditioning, both classical and operant, leads to changes in behavioural alterations in one’s identity. A woman is conditioned by her physiology, by virtue of her ability to bear children and by society. This is determined by conglomeration of external and internal agents, such as her father and teacher, in her milieu. She is also conditioned by societal expectations, rules, and treatment by institutions in both favorable and unfavorable ways. The expectations of society, regulations, and the favorable and negative treatment she receives from institutional or structural entities all condition her. This obligation leads to internalization of patriarchy by women further enhancing female subjugation. In present times, where women have united in raising their voice against all kinds of patriarchal-structural violences, it stands as a relevant argument to decipher the process of women’s identity formation, who are now dismantling the traditional norms and standards.
The Quit India Movement differed radically from the earlier Gandhi-led mass movements such as Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience. Discuss.
The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to halt the functioning of the government by refusing to collaborate with the administration. The Civil Disobedience Movement sought to disrupt government operations by intentionally violating certain rules and regulations. On the other hand, the QuiRead more
The objective of the Non-Cooperation Movement was to halt the functioning of the government by refusing to collaborate with the administration.
The Civil Disobedience Movement sought to disrupt government operations by intentionally violating certain rules and regulations.
See lessOn the other hand, the Quit India movement was a movement at a larger scale with the aim of putting a total end to British rule in India. It worked with the unifying zeal of spontaneous participation of the masses in comparison to the other Gandhian movements like non-cooperation and civil disobedience. The contribution of this movement stands revolutionary and upper hand in comparison to other movements due to its purpose. The revolution emphasized that India could not be ruled without the backing of the Indian people, despite the government’s claim that independence could only be granted after the war. The movement prioritised the need for total independence over all other demands.
In order to decipher its distinction from other movements, it is crucial to trace its historical trajectory. After the failure of the Cripps mission, it became clear that the British government was not willing to transfer power to the Indian people. Wrapped in this mood of frustration, fear, and hope, Gandhiji devised the plan for the complete withdrawal of British authorities from India. In August 1942, during World War II, Mahatma Gandhi initiated the Quit India Movement, a call for the abolition of British authority in India, during the All India Congress Committee conference in Bombay. Gandhiji gave a call to all sections of society to participate in the movement.The movement witnessed the groundbreaking participation of workers to women leaders. There were five important centers of the movement embracing whole India.
Unlike the other movements, the Quit India movement operated in three phases, working in urban and rural areas in the initial phases. Though the movement stood historic in unifying the spirit of protest and resilience of people, due to some political, social, and historical factors, it collapsed in its application. Still the significance and contribution to freedom cannot be denied. The Quit India movement paved way towards proliferation of freedom struggle, it clearly demonstrated the ultimate longing for liberation. Due to its staunch purpose and spirit, the Quit India movement created a strong public opinion in foreign countries in favour of India. America and China were specifically influenced by the tide of this revolution. The American President Roosevelt wrote to the Chinese Prime Minister that the best policy for the English would be to grant independence to the people of India as soon as possible.