The European Industrial Revolution, beginning in the late 18th century, significantly boosted production capabilities and technological advancements, creating a demand for raw materials and new markets. This economic drive, combined with nationalistic fervor, led to New Imperialism in the late 19th century, where European powers aggressively expanded their empires in Africa and Asia. Industrialized nations sought to secure resources for their factories and markets for their finished goods, often justifying their expansion through notions of racial superiority and a civilizing mission. This period resulted in profound social, economic, and political changes worldwide, laying the groundwork for modern global dynamics.

Mauryan pillars, primarily constructed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka, are of indigenous origin, reflecting the advanced craftsmanship and architectural skills of ancient India. Made from locally sourced sandstone, these pillars feature intricate carvings and inscriptions in Brahmi script, showcasing the artistic and linguistic achievements of the time. The pillars served both religious and administrative purposes, often marking significant sites and conveying moral messages. Their design and symbolism, including the famous Lion Capital of Ashoka, illustrate a unique Indian aesthetic that was not influenced by external styles, emphasizing the originality and cultural depth of Mauryan architecture.

The continuity of culture in Indian civilization is evident through its enduring traditions, philosophies, and practices that have evolved yet remained cohesive over millennia. From ancient texts like the Vedas and Upanishads to contemporary practices in art, music, and festivals, India showcases a seamless integration of old and new. The adaptability of its religious beliefs, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, alongside regional variations, further exemplifies this continuity. Unlike many civilizations that faced disruption and transformation, India’s ability to assimilate diverse influences while preserving core values highlights its unique cultural resilience and richness in the global context.