The relationship between the Centre and the States in India is characterized by several key features that define their roles, responsibilities, and interactions within the federal framework of the Indian Constitution.

• Firstly, India follows a federal system where power is divided between the Central government and the State governments.The Constitution specifies specific subjects under the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, outlining which level of government has jurisdiction over each.
• Secondly, while the Union government holds authority over matters such as defense, foreign affairs, and currency, States have jurisdiction over areas like police, health, and agriculture. Concurrent List subjects, such as education and criminal law, allow both levels of government to legislate, though federal law prevails in case of conflict.
• Thirdly, financial relations are crucial, with the Centre collecting most taxes and redistributing a portion to the States through mechanisms like the Finance Commission. This ensures equitable distribution and fiscal stability across regions.
• Lastly, cooperative federalism encourages collaboration between the Centre and States on national issues, promoting joint decision-making through bodies like the Inter-State Council and forums like the National Development Council. This framework balances national unity with regional autonomy, fostering a dynamic relationship that adapts to India’s diverse socio-economic and political landscape.