India’s fast urbanisation has presented many difficulties, one of which is noise pollution. Cities grow to accommodate growing populations, and with them come growing transit systems, industrial operations, building projects, and commercial buildings—all of which increase noise pollution. Transportation is one of the biggest causes of noise in cities. There is a constant din on congested roads from sirens, engines, and honking horns. Airports, railroads, and public transportation networks also raise the overall noise levels. Construction activities produce a lot of noise from machinery and equipment, which is particularly common in fast increasing urban centres. Moreover, the concentration of business ventures and social gatherings exacerbates noise pollution in cities.

The impact of noise pollution on human health is extensive and diverse. Long-term exposure to loud noises can cause anxiety, tension, and disturbed sleep. Due to the disruption of normal physiological functioning and elevation of cortisol levels, chronic noise exposure has also been related to cardiovascular illnesses and hypertension. Studies show that noise-induced focus problems, learning challenges, and decreased productivity might also negatively impact cognitive processes.

Particularly at risk are vulnerable groups like the elderly and children. Children who are exposed to noise on a regular basis may not develop cognitively or perform as well in school. Noise pollution makes pre-existing medical issues worse for the elderly and increases social isolation.

In conclusion, India’s unrestrained urbanisation has made noise pollution worse, endangering the health and welfare of the general populace. Comprehensive urban planning strategies that give priority to noise reduction techniques, like soundproofing buildings, controlling traffic noise, and enforcing noise emission guidelines for industries, are needed to address this issue. In order to promote a calmer and healthier urban environment for all inhabitants, public awareness and community involvement are also essential.