Model Answer

The Indian National Movement was instrumental in shaping modern India’s political values, laying the foundation for the civil liberties enjoyed by citizens today. The experiences and ideals of the movement are reflected in the Indian Constitution and legal framework. Key areas of influence are as follows:

1. Foundations of Democratic Polity

• Grassroot Democracy: Gandhi emphasized decentralization and Panchayati Raj, inspiring the 73rd Amendment (1992) that institutionalized local self-governance.
• Civil Libertarian Traditions: The movement ingrained a culture of accountability and inclusiveness, vital for India’s democratic setup.

2. Religious Freedom

• Secular Principles: The Karachi Session (1931) of the Indian National Congress passed a resolution affirming religious freedom. This aligns with Articles 25-28 of the Constitution, ensuring religious liberty and prohibiting discrimination.

3. Advocacy for Social Justice

• Elimination of Untouchability: The efforts of Gandhi and Ambedkar against caste discrimination influenced Articles 14-18, ensuring equality and abolishing untouchability.
• Inclusive Citizenship: The movement championed equal rights for marginalized groups, creating a foundation for justice.

4. Legacy of Peaceful Protests and Non-Violence

• Gandhi’s non-violent campaigns, like the Salt March (1930), demonstrated the power of peaceful protests, reflected in Article 19(1)(b), guaranteeing the right to peaceful assembly.

5. Universal Adult Suffrage

• Advocacy for Voting Rights: Organizations like the Women’s Indian Association and proposals in the Nehru Report (1928) set the stage for Article 326, granting equal voting rights to all adults.

6. Conclusion

• The Indian National Movement instilled a commitment to democracy, equality, and secularism, forming the backbone of India’s civil liberties. Its vision continues to guide India’s democratic journey, ensuring rights for all citizens.