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Early Sociologists like Marx, Durkheim and Weber have sociological theories that are still applicable in modern times to some extent. Comment with examples in Indian society.
The sociological theories of Marx , Durkheim , Weber remain relevant in modern India Society to some extent. Marx's concept of class struggle is evident in India's economic disparities , where the wealthy elite hold power and marginalized remain oppressed. For example - farmer's protests against theRead more
The sociological theories of Marx , Durkheim , Weber remain relevant in modern India Society to some extent.
Marx’s concept of class struggle is evident in India’s economic disparities , where the wealthy elite hold power and marginalized remain oppressed. For example – farmer’s protests against the government’s agriculture policies reflect the struggle between haves and have-nots.
Durkheim’s ideas of social solidarity is seen in India’s strong family and community bonds , which provide emotional support and a sense of belonging. However , this solidarity can also perpetuate casteism and social exclusion , as seen in the persistence of honor killings and caste-based discrimination.
Weber’s notion of bureaucracy is reflected in India’s complex and often inefficient administrative system , where red tape and corruption hinder effective governance.
While these theories were developed in a different context , they still offer valuable insights into indian societies complexities and Challenges.
See lessExplain the risks and benefits of GMOs being utilised to improve biodiversity in degraded ecosystems.
GMOs stands for Genetically Modified Organisms. These organisms whose genetic material has been altered, meaning their genes have been changed, to give them specific traits. It can be used to improve biodiversity in degraded ecosystems, but it's a double edged sword. Benifits GMOs can introduce desiRead more
GMOs stands for Genetically Modified Organisms. These organisms whose genetic material has been altered, meaning their genes have been changed, to give them specific traits. It can be used to improve biodiversity in degraded ecosystems, but it’s a double edged sword.
Benifits
For example – GMO cotton in India has reduced Pesticide use , benefiting non-target species.
Risk
For example – GMO salmon in Canada have raised concerns about escaping and interbreeding with wild populations.
For better understanding, the use of GMO mosquitoes to combat Zika virus in Brazil sparked debate. While they can reduce disease transmission, their impact on native mosquito populations and ecosystems is unknown.
In conclusion, GMOs can be a tool for ecosystem restoration, but careful risk assessment , regulation , monitoring are crucial to avoid repercussions and ensure biodiversity Betterments.
See lessUPSC Mains GEO (PYQ 2021)
India is a mineral-rich country and a part of ancient Gondwanaland, with an abundance of resources hidden beneath it's soil, still struggles to make significant contributions to its GDP through its mining industry, despite the vast potential. Mining Industry of India India's mining industry, a vitalRead more
India is a mineral-rich country and a part of ancient Gondwanaland, with an abundance of resources hidden beneath it’s soil, still struggles to make significant contributions to its GDP through its mining industry, despite the vast potential.
Mining Industry of India
India’s mining industry, a vital sector, extracts minerals and ores contributing significantly to GDP. GDP contribution of the mining industry varies from 1.80℅ to 1.90℅ (at current price), it is approximately 10℅ of all industrial contribution to GDP. But it is a very least contribution, despite having a large availability of geological reserves. for Instance – according to data ( ministry of coal,2024) we have 352.13 billion mt coal reserves and we have extracted its 0.28℅ only till now.
Reasons behind least contribution –
- limited Exploration and Extraction – mineral resources remain under-explored and under-extracted, hindering industry growth. for example – India has significant iron ore resources, but extraction rates (1.13℅ of total reserves) are low due to lack of exploration.
- Environmental Issues – mining’s adverse environmental impact makes the society and government cautious. It is a resistance for growing industry. for example – Vedanta copper smelting plant in Tamil Nadu highlights the Environment concerns.
- Dependence on Imported Minerals – India lacks certain minerals, relying on imports. for instance – India imports most of it’s Gold and Silver from UAE , despite having significant reserves.
- Lack of Technological advancement – the industry’s efficiency and productivity suffer due to inadequate technological adoption. for instance – India still uses traditional methods for coal mining, whereas advanced countries use mechanized mining.
- Regulatory hurdles – Stringent laws and policies regulate the mining industry, stifling it’s development. For instance – Supreme Court of India suspended iron ore mining in Goa due to environment concerns and Legal hurdles.
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