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Answer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2021] “He is One and Onkar formed, Adi Purush and Akal’. Who thinks so?
Answer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2021] कौन सा यूनानी दार्शनिक ‘ज्ञान’ को नैतिकता का मूल आधार मानता है ?
यूनानी दार्शनिक सॉक्रेटीस 'ज्ञान' को नैतिकता का मूल आधार मानता है; उसका मानना था कि सही ज्ञान से सही कार्य होता है।
सॉक्रेटीस ‘ज्ञान’ को नैतिकता का मूल आधार मानता है; उसका मानना था कि सही ज्ञान से सही कार्य होता है।
See lessAnswer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2021] Which Greek Philosopher finds the ‘Knowledge’ as the prime base of morality?
Greek Philosopher on Knowledge and Morality The Greek philosopher Socrates believes that knowledge is the prime base of morality. Explanation: He argued that knowing what is good leads to doing good. Illustration: For instance, if a person understands the consequences of theft, they are less likelyRead more
The Greek philosopher Socrates believes that knowledge is the prime base of morality.
प्रश्न का उत्तर अधिकतम 10 शब्दों में दीजिए। यह प्रश्न 02 अंक का है। [MPPSC 2021] प्लेटो के अनुसार, कौन सा ‘प्रत्यय’ समस्त प्रत्ययों को समन्वित करता है ?
प्लेटो के अनुसार 'प्रत्यय' प्लेटो के अनुसार, 'आदर्श' (Ideas) समस्त प्रत्ययों को समन्वित करता है; यह वास्तविकता का मूल स्वरूप है।
प्लेटो के अनुसार, ‘आदर्श’ (Ideas) समस्त प्रत्ययों को समन्वित करता है; यह वास्तविकता का मूल स्वरूप है।
See lessAnswer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2021] According to Plato, which ‘idea’ co-ordinates all the ideas?
Plato's Coordinating Idea According to Plato, the "Form of the Good" coordinates all other ideas. Explanation: It represents the ultimate purpose and truth behind all existence. Illustration: Just as the sun enables sight and life, the Form of the Good illuminates understanding and virtue.
According to Plato, the “Form of the Good” coordinates all other ideas.
प्रश्न का उत्तर अधिकतम 10 शब्दों में दीजिए। यह प्रश्न 02 अंक का है। [MPPSC 2021] बुद्ध के ‘इदं प्रत्ययता’ सिद्धांत की व्याख्या कीजिए।
बुद्ध के 'इदं प्रत्ययता' सिद्धांत की व्याख्या बुद्ध का 'इदं प्रत्ययता' सिद्धांत कारण और प्रभाव के संबंध को दर्शाता है; एक चीज़ का अस्तित्व दूसरी पर निर्भर है।
बुद्ध का ‘इदं प्रत्ययता’ सिद्धांत कारण और प्रभाव के संबंध को दर्शाता है; एक चीज़ का अस्तित्व दूसरी पर निर्भर है।
See lessAnswer the question in maximum 10 words. This question carries 02 marks. [MPPSC 2021] Explain Buddhist theory of ‘Idari Pratyayata’.
All Things are Interdependent Like Condensed Milk in Cover of Tin The teaching of Idari Pratyayata is another profound teaching within Buddhist philosophy that highlights the interrelatedness and interdependence of all phenomena. "Idari Pratyayata" is not a term you will find directly used in the woRead more
All Things are Interdependent Like Condensed Milk in Cover of Tin
The teaching of Idari Pratyayata is another profound teaching within Buddhist philosophy that highlights the interrelatedness and interdependence of all phenomena. “Idari Pratyayata” is not a term you will find directly used in the words of early Buddhist texts, but it is a way to understand the broader principle of “Pratītyasamutpāda,” which refers to “dependent origination” or “dependent arising.” This is one of the basic principles of Buddhism, by which all things arise and pass away by the intricate nexus of causes and conditions.
Dependent Origination (Pratītyasamutpāda)
Dependent roaring is considered by Buddhists to be a basis or basic concept, a principle or system, the basis of the nature of existence, that everything exists, everything feeds and causes the change of things, everyone is should be based on this force and effect plus practice of life. The theory posits that all things are the results of a house of causes and conditions leading up to that event, object, or state of being. Ultimately, nothing exists in a vacuum; all is part of a larger web of interrelation.
They are often explained in the context of the chain of twelve nidanas, a process that explains the cycle of suffering, called dukkha as well as rebirth. These links are:
Avidyā (Ignorance): The absence of clarity about reality.
Saṃskāras (Formations): Intentional actions or karma resulting from ignorance.
Viññāṇa (Consciousness) – The consciousness which is conditioned by the formations.
Nāmarūpa (Name and Form) — the mind and body that emerge from consciousness
Ṣaḍāyatana (Six Sense Bases): The evolution of the five physical senses and also the mind.
Phassa (Contact): The coming together of the senses and its objects.
Vedanā (Feeling): Feelings developed from contact.
Taṇhā (Craving): desire/thirst for pleasant experiences, aversion to unpleasant experiences.
Upādāna (Grasping)—Grasping after craving.
Bhava (Becoming) Creating karma leading to rebirth.
Jāti (Birth) — The consequent birth in another life.
Jarāmaraṇaka (Aging and Death): The decay and death that inevitably follow birth.
This chain of causation is contingent → the previous one is the cause of the next cause, a vicious cycle that just keeps spinning, feeds pain. The cause (samudaya) (of constant suffering): attachment/desire (tanha) (The craving for things we like as well as the avoidance of things we dislike.)The end (nirodha) (of suffering): is achievable and achieved by nirvana (m liberation example freedom from the cycle of rebirths and the four things)The path (magga): (the eightfold paths)Of course, whatever link in this chain is broken, the suffering will cease and liberation will be achieved (nirvana).
The Interconnectedness of All Things
Dependent origination is not limited to the cycle of Suffering but is a principle that includes all existence. It emphasizes the interdependence of all things in the universe and the impossibility of any phenomenon existing without its causes and conditions. For instance, a tree does not grow on its own; it needs seeds, soil, water, sunlight, and proper climate. Likewise, a thought never pops up randomly; it is determined by previous experiences, present conditions and future forecasts.
This interdependence applies not only to physical objects and processes but also mental and emotional states. The environment we live, the people we spend time with, our internal psyche, all contribute to how we think, feel, and act. The reality of this interconnectedness is an essential part of understanding the world and creating a compassionate, careful approach to our lives.
Implications for Buddhist Practice
The above explanation carries profound implications in terms of Buddhist practice and ethics and accordingly we find that dependent origination is recognized as the basic Buddhist view. Realizing the interdependence of all events helps Buddhists learn to be mindful of the circumstances and causes that construct their life. Awareness can help us to realize the impermanence of everything and the non-self nature of reality (anatta).
Mindfulness and Insight: Mindfulness practice is when you are totally in the moment right now, knowing how all things arise interdependently. Such a practice allows for the realization of the impermanent and interdependent aspect of reality.
All beings are interdependent: Realizing the interconnectedness of all beings gives rise to compassion, for the interdependent nature of existence highlights the corresponding basis of suffering and the consequences of one’s actions on others. The understanding of this interdependence then makes ethical actions natural.
The topics must be changed and then be organized in a new way. By this cycle of dependent origination one breaks the cycle of being enlightened where the mind breaks free from ignorance, craving, and attachment.
Conclusion
Idari pratyayata or dependent origination is one of the underlying tenets of Buddhist philosophy: everything arises in dependence on multiple causes and conditions. The concept is contrary to the idea of existent isolation, which advocates a complete world understanding. Through the acknowledgment of interconnectedness, Buddhists are able to develop greater insight into the nature of existence, nurture compassion and pursue an end to suffering. The law of dependent origination is one of the Buddha’s most distinct aspects from the philosophical alloy prevalent in Buddhism that emphasizes occasional helpfulness toward living in a mindful and ethical manner with the goal of achieving nirvana and experiencing authentic peace complemented by liberation.
See lessप्रश्न का उत्तर अधिकतम 200 शब्दों में दीजिए। यह प्रश्न 11 अंक का है। [MPPSC 2021] प्रारम्भिक अवसादी संरचनाओं का विस्तार से वर्णन कीजिए।
प्रारम्भिक अवसादी संरचनाएँ प्रारम्भिक अवसादी संरचनाएँ (Sedimentary Structures) भूविज्ञान की वह विशेषताएँ हैं जो अवसाद के जमाव और उसके बाद की प्रक्रियाओं के परिणामस्वरूप बनती हैं। ये संरचनाएँ पृथ्वी की सतह पर विभिन्न प्रकार के अवसादों के रूप में देखी जाती हैं। 1. परतें (Layers) अवसादी संरचनाओं में सबRead more
प्रारम्भिक अवसादी संरचनाएँ (Sedimentary Structures) भूविज्ञान की वह विशेषताएँ हैं जो अवसाद के जमाव और उसके बाद की प्रक्रियाओं के परिणामस्वरूप बनती हैं। ये संरचनाएँ पृथ्वी की सतह पर विभिन्न प्रकार के अवसादों के रूप में देखी जाती हैं।
प्रारम्भिक अवसादी संरचनाएँ न केवल पृथ्वी के भूगर्भीय इतिहास को दर्शाती हैं, बल्कि वे भूविज्ञान और पर्यावरण के अध्ययन में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं। इन संरचनाओं के माध्यम से हम पिछले समय के वातावरण और जीवों के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।
See lessAnswer the question in maximum 200 words. This question carries 11 marks. [MPPSC 2021] Describe Primary Sedimentary structures in detail.
Primary Sedimentary Structures Primary sedimentary structures are features formed during the deposition of sediments. They provide valuable insights into past environments and geological processes. Types of Primary Sedimentary Structures Stratification (Layering) Description: Layers of sediment thatRead more
Primary sedimentary structures are features formed during the deposition of sediments. They provide valuable insights into past environments and geological processes.
These structures help geologists interpret ancient environments, understand sedimentary processes, and locate natural resources like oil and gas. By studying primary sedimentary structures, we can reconstruct the Earth’s history and gain insights into climate changes over time.
See lessप्रश्न का उत्तर अधिकतम 200 शब्दों में दीजिए। यह प्रश्न 11 अंक का है। [MPPSC 2021] भारत के सन्दर्भ में पर्यावरणीय शिक्षा एवं जागरुकता कार्यक्रमों का विवरण दें।
भारत के संदर्भ में पर्यावरणीय शिक्षा एवं जागरुकता कार्यक्रम भारत में पर्यावरणीय शिक्षा और जागरुकता कार्यक्रमों का उद्देश्य लोगों को पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा और संरक्षण के प्रति जागरूक करना है। यह कार्यक्रम विभिन्न स्तरों पर चलाए जाते हैं, जैसे कि स्कूल, कॉलेज और सामुदायिक संस्थानों में। 1. शैक्षणिक संस्थRead more
भारत में पर्यावरणीय शिक्षा और जागरुकता कार्यक्रमों का उद्देश्य लोगों को पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा और संरक्षण के प्रति जागरूक करना है। यह कार्यक्रम विभिन्न स्तरों पर चलाए जाते हैं, जैसे कि स्कूल, कॉलेज और सामुदायिक संस्थानों में।
भारत में पर्यावरणीय शिक्षा और जागरुकता कार्यक्रमों का उद्देश्य लोगों को पर्यावरण के प्रति संवेदनशील बनाना है। इन कार्यक्रमों के माध्यम से हम अपनी आने वाली पीढ़ियों के लिए एक सुरक्षित और स्वच्छ वातावरण सुनिश्चित कर सकते हैं।
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Concept of "Ik Onkar" The phrase "He is One and Onkar formed, Adi Purush and Akal" is a core belief in Sikhism. Explanation: It emphasizes the oneness of God, the eternal nature of the divine (Akal), and the original being (Adi Purush). Illustration: This concept unites followers in understanding aRead more
Concept of “Ik Onkar”
The phrase “He is One and Onkar formed, Adi Purush and Akal” is a core belief in Sikhism.
- Explanation: It emphasizes the oneness of God, the eternal nature of the divine (Akal), and the original being (Adi Purush).
- Illustration: This concept unites followers in understanding a singular, timeless God who is present in all.
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