Achievements of Apoorvi Chandela

Introduction: Apoorvi Chandela is an Indian sports shooter known for her excellence in 10m air rifle shooting.

Key Achievements:

• 2014 Commonwealth Games: She won a gold medal in women’s 10m air rifle.
• 2018 Commonwealth Games: Chandela secured a bronze in the same event.
• ISSF World Cup 2019: She won a gold medal, showcasing her top form on the international stage.

Apoorvi’s consistency and skill have made her one of India’s top shooters.

Political Rights of Public Employees in India

Introduction
Public employees in India hold a unique position, balancing their responsibilities to the government with their rights as citizens. While they enjoy certain political rights, these are regulated to maintain the integrity of public service.

1. Right to Vote
Public employees have the right to vote in elections, just like any other citizen. This allows them to participate in the democratic process. For instance, the significant voter turnout in recent state assembly elections reflects their engagement in the electoral process.

2. Freedom of Speech and Expression
Under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, public employees have the freedom of speech and expression. However, this right is subject to restrictions to maintain the dignity of the service. For example, public employees are expected to refrain from criticizing government policies in a manner that undermines their position.

3. Participation in Political Activities
While public employees can participate in political activities, they must adhere to specific regulations. The Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964 restrict them from joining political parties or participating in political campaigns. This is to prevent conflicts of interest and ensure neutrality in public administration.

4. Right to Form Associations
Public employees have the right to form associations and unions for collective bargaining. Recent instances, such as the protests by Delhi government employees for better working conditions, illustrate this right in action.

5. Limitations and Challenges
Despite these rights, public employees often face restrictions that can limit their political engagement. For instance, the threat of disciplinary action can deter them from voicing political opinions or participating actively in political processes.

Conclusion
In summary, while public employees in India possess essential political rights, these rights are balanced with the need to maintain neutrality and integrity in public service. The recent discourse on employee rights highlights the ongoing tension between individual freedoms and the responsibilities of public service.

Main Objectives of the National Health Policy 2017

Introduction
The National Health Policy (NHP) of 2017 aims to provide a comprehensive framework to address health challenges in India. Recognizing health as a crucial component of human resource development, the policy outlines several key objectives to improve healthcare access and quality.

1. Universal Health Coverage
One of the primary objectives is to achieve universal health coverage (UHC), ensuring that all citizens have access to quality healthcare services without financial hardship. The Ayushman Bharat Scheme, launched in 2018, exemplifies this goal by providing health insurance to economically vulnerable families.

2. Quality Improvement of Healthcare Services
The NHP emphasizes the need for enhancing the quality of healthcare services across all levels. This includes establishing National Quality Assurance Standards to improve patient safety and satisfaction. Recent initiatives to upgrade public healthcare facilities reflect this commitment.

3. Prevention and Control of Diseases
The policy focuses on the prevention and control of communicable and non-communicable diseases. For instance, the National Health Mission has intensified efforts to combat diseases such as tuberculosis and diabetes, promoting health education and screening programs.

4. Strengthening Human Resources
Developing a robust health workforce is crucial for effective service delivery. The NHP aims to enhance training and recruitment of healthcare professionals, addressing the shortages in rural and underserved areas.

5. Promoting Health Research and Innovation
The policy encourages health research and innovation to improve healthcare delivery systems. Initiatives like the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) funding for innovative health projects are examples of this objective in action.

Conclusion
In summary, the National Health Policy 2017 outlines strategic objectives to enhance healthcare access, quality, and equity in India. Its focus on universal coverage, quality improvement, and workforce development is vital for the nation’s health and overall human resource development.

Impact of Globalisation in India: A Critical Examination

Introduction
Globalisation has profoundly influenced India’s economy, society, and culture since the economic reforms of the 1990s. Its effects are multifaceted, encompassing both benefits and challenges.

1. Economic Growth
Globalisation has catalyzed economic growth and increased Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Sectors such as IT and services have flourished, positioning India as a global technology hub. For example, cities like Bengaluru and Hyderabad have become centers for multinational corporations, contributing significantly to GDP.

2. Employment Opportunities
While globalisation has created numerous jobs, particularly in urban areas, it has also led to job displacement in traditional sectors. The manufacturing sector has struggled to adapt, leading to concerns about unemployment among unskilled workers. The recent closure of several small textile units illustrates this challenge.

3. Social Inequality
Globalisation has exacerbated social inequalities. The wealth generated has not been equitably distributed, leading to a widening gap between the rich and the poor. Reports indicate that the top 1% of the population holds a disproportionate share of wealth, raising concerns about economic disparity.

4. Cultural Impact
The influx of Western culture has influenced Indian traditions, often leading to a loss of cultural identity. The popularity of global brands and entertainment has overshadowed local customs, as seen in the rise of Western-style fast food chains across India.

Conclusion
In summary, while globalization has driven economic progress and modernization in India, it has also resulted in significant social and cultural challenges. A balanced approach is necessary to harness the benefits of globalization while mitigating its adverse effects, ensuring inclusive growth for all sections of society.

Election of the President of India

Introduction
The President of India is elected through a systematic process outlined in the Constitution, ensuring a democratic method for selecting the head of state.

1. Electoral College
The election is conducted by an Electoral College, which comprises:

• Elected Members of Parliament (MPs): Both from the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
• Elected Members of the Legislative Assemblies: From all the states and Union territories.

2. Voting System
The voting follows a secret ballot system using the single transferable vote method, allowing voters to rank candidates. Each vote is weighted differently based on the population of the state and the number of representatives it has in Parliament. This ensures that smaller states have a fair representation.

3. Calculation of Votes
The total votes from the states are calculated based on their population, while the votes from the Parliament are uniform. For example, in the 2022 Presidential Election, Droupadi Murmu’s election highlighted this process, as her candidacy was supported by a significant majority across various states and parliamentary members.

4. Majority Requirement
To win, a candidate must secure a majority of the total votes in the Electoral College. If no candidate receives the required majority, the process continues with the elimination of candidates with the least votes until a winner is declared.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the election of the President of India is a carefully structured process that upholds democratic principles. Recent elections, like that of Droupadi Murmu, emphasize the importance of representation and inclusivity in this constitutional mechanism.