The abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution has had significant impacts on various aspects of Jammu and Kashmir:

• Administration: The region saw administrative changes, with Jammu and Kashmir being reorganized into two Union Territories: Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. This move aimed to streamline governance and improve developmental initiatives.
• Militant Attacks: There has been a notable decrease in militant attacks post-abrogation. Security forces have intensified operations against militant groups, leading to improved security conditions in many areas.
• Tourism: Initially, tourism faced disruptions due to security concerns and restrictions. However, efforts are being made to revive tourism, highlighting the region’s natural beauty and cultural heritage.
• Crime and Safety: While overall crime rates have fluctuated, security measures have been heightened to ensure safety, particularly in sensitive areas.
• Impact on Residents: Local residents have experienced changes in political representation and access to central government schemes, aiming to improve socio-economic development and infrastructure.

Overall, while the abrogation of Article 370 has brought administrative changes and improvements in security, efforts are ongoing to address socio-economic challenges and restore normalcy, particularly in tourism and local governance.

How Technology Can Benefit Small and Divided Land Holdings:

• GPS and Mapping Tools: Farmers can accurately plan and manage small plots, optimizing space usage and crop placement.
• Soil Sensors: These devices monitor soil health, helping farmers apply fertilizers and water precisely, which improves crop yield and reduces costs.
• Mobile Apps: These apps provide real-time weather updates and allow farmers to manage tasks efficiently, enhancing decision-making on when to plant or harvest.
• Drip Irrigation Systems: By delivering water directly to plant roots, drip systems conserve water and reduce the risk of overwatering, which is crucial for small plots.
• Drones: These aerial devices monitor crops and spray pesticides precisely, reducing manual labor and ensuring effective pest control.
• Solar Power: Utilizing solar energy for farm equipment cuts down on electricity costs, making farming more affordable and sustainable.
• E-commerce Platforms: Farmers can sell produce directly to consumers through online platforms, bypassing intermediaries and reaching a broader market.
• Online Learning: Access to online tutorials and workshops enables farmers to learn new techniques and stay updated with the latest agricultural practices, improving overall efficiency and productivity.

Electric vehicles are not useful in sustainable development because:-

• Battery Production: Manufacturing EV batteries requires mining rare minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel, which can lead to environmental degradation and human rights concerns.
• Energy Source: The environmental benefit of EVs depends on the energy mix of the electricity grid. If electricity is generated from fossil fuels, EVs may not significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Resource Intensity: EVs require significant resources for production, including metals and energy, which can contribute to pollution and habitat destruction.
• Battery Disposal: Improper disposal of EV batteries can lead to environmental hazards due to the toxic materials they contain.
• Infrastructure Challenges: Developing the necessary charging infrastructure can be resource-intensive and may involve significant environmental disruption.
• Lifecycle Emissions: While EVs produce no tailpipe emissions, their overall lifecycle emissions, including manufacturing and disposal, can still be substantial.
• Limited Range and Charging Time: Current EV technology may not meet the needs of all consumers, especially in regions with inadequate charging infrastructure, limiting their adoption and effectiveness.
• Economic Disparity: High initial costs of EVs can make them inaccessible to lower-income individuals, perpetuating economic inequality.