Pressure groups are a group of organized individuals formed while exercising rights under article 19(1)(b), playing a huge role in enhancing public participation. Some examples of pressure groups- Navdanya, Confederation of Indian Industry and Self Employed Women’s Association.

Different types of techniques used by pressure groups:

1. Public Awareness Campaigns– In order to raise support and make people aware about an issue, rallies, protests and social media campaigns are organized. Example-  During Farmers protest mass rallies and protests along with huge social media campaigns were organized.
2. Legal Action– Governmental policies which may be deemed as unfair are taken to courts via lawsuits or petitions. Example – Public Interest Litigation is used to challenge government policies.
3. Lobbying- Contacting the policymakers or government officials directly in pursuit of agreeing to a specific case is called lobbying. Example- CII for reducing corporate taxes.
4. Research and Reports– Conducting research and analyzing it to form a conclusive report is used by pressure groups in order to support their claim. Example – The latest Greenpeace report titled “Heat Havoc”.
5. Public Relations– Influencing public opinion via communication strategies is another tactic used by pressure groups. Example- PETA India utilized advertising campaigns featuring Bollywood celebrities to raise awareness about animal cruelty.