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Critically evaluate the strategies employed by the extremist leaders to create a sense of national unity and identity.
The extremist faction, during the Indian national movement, emerged out of dissatisfaction with the Moderates' strategies to challenge the British imperial rule. The prominent leaders included the renowned Lal-Bal-Pal trio, Aurobindo Ghosh, among others, who differed in their ideologies and strategiRead more
The extremist faction, during the Indian national movement, emerged out of dissatisfaction with the Moderates’ strategies to challenge the British imperial rule. The prominent leaders included the renowned Lal-Bal-Pal trio, Aurobindo Ghosh, among others, who differed in their ideologies and strategies from those of the Moderates’.
1. The Extremists believed in non-cooperation with the British administration, via strikes, renunciation of titles, etc.
2. They organised explicit display of boycott of foreign goods, by burning them, as well as boycott of services.
3. The boycott of foreign goods and services emphasised ‘self-reliance’ and was supplemented by Swadeshi, to foster economic nationalism.
4. The Extremist leader, Balgangadhar Tilak, is credited with attempts at revival of rich Indian culture and heritage, through festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, Shivaji Jayanti.
5. They lost faith in peaceful consitutional methods of pleading the British and sought direct confrontation, including violence.
6. The Extremists had faith in mass mobilisation to attain common goal of national unity and identity.
7. Emphasis on education was considered essential to mobilise the masses and a common public opnion against imperial exploitation.
The Extremists, with their radical strategies and growing hostility towards the British, contributed to the Indian national movement’s radicalisation and enrichment.
See lessSeparation of powers and judicial review are integral components of a democracy, providing essential mechanisms to prevent tyranny, protect individual rights, and uphold the rule of law. Discuss.
The doctrines of separation of power and judicial review, though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India, are fundamental for maintenance of a healthy democratic society. They have been instrumental in providing essential mechanisms to prevent tyranny, protect individual rights, and upRead more
The doctrines of separation of power and judicial review, though not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution of India, are fundamental for maintenance of a healthy democratic society. They have been instrumental in providing essential mechanisms to prevent tyranny, protect individual rights, and uphold the rule of law, time and again.
1. Separation of powers among the three organs of the government, Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary, ensures the independent functioning of each, alongwith checks and balances. This is ensures that no one organ exercises tyranny over the other.
2. Separation of power prevents the concentration of power, ensures a systematic process where the legislature frames the laws, executive enacts them, judiciary checks for their constitutionality.
3. The doctrine of Judicial Review has been instrumental in upholding individual rights, as seen in Shah Bano case(women’s rights), Maneka Gandhi case(right to liberty), etc.
4. The judgment of basic structure doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharti case highlights the role of judicial review in maintaining the supremacy of the law of the land, thereby containing Parliament’s arbitrary acts.
However, there have been instances of judicial overreach, wherein the judiciary has been accused of overstepping its boundaries and working in the domain of the legislature or the executive. Therefore, an intricate line of balance needs to be maintained with respect to the power of judicial review. Separation of power and Judicial Review comprise the basic structure of the Constitution and uphold democratic integrity.
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