-Medicine: India’s long tradition in Ayurveda and traditional medicine has also contributed to modern Indian medical research, part of which has entered the world’s global health profile.

-Technology: Increasingly, Indian institutions and researchers are involved in such modern arenas as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and space exploration.

Challenges and Future Directions:

-Quality and Equity: One of the major benchmarks is the accessibility of quality education to all, moreso in rural and disadvantaged areas.

-Research and Innovation: Research culture and innovation should be well developed in higher education to prepare them for India’s future development.

Global Collaboration: Stifling collaborations through the globe can be further improved with bringing foreign talent into Indian institutions for education and research.

5. Grassroot movements and sustainability of livelihoods
– Medha Patkar: She exposed the socio-Environmental effects of large dams through the ND, Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Impact: It shaped international policies regarding refugees and development impact and assessment for integrated infrastructure.

6. Resources: Management of Wastes and the Circular Economy
– Almitra Patel: Employed mainly in enhancing waste management practices and policies in India, and as a result gave rise to MSW (Management and Handling) Rules of the country. Impact: Endowed global urban waste management efficient models via segregation and recycling.

7. International Indigenous Peoples and Ecology Advocacy
– Vandana Shiva: Promoted agriculture that is organic , seed production and protection of GMOs.
These have impacted on international discussions concerning sustainable agriculture and bio-diversity.

Major Achievements of Environmentalists of India
– Project Tiger (1973): The plan was started by the government of India, and it became a example to the world on the conservation of wildlife.
– Ecosystem Restoration Projects: Indian environmentalists have aligned themselves to global campaigns including the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

Conclusion
The present work is an attempt to demonstrate that Indian environmentalists have established the link between the domestic practices and normative international frameworks and that Indians have played significant roles in the realms of conservation and climate change and sustainable development. In their local grassroots movements they provide policy and practice for the future that is better than the present.

Besides, Telemedicine and Digital Health also received strong support from both authorities and citizens, and had relatively rapid growth.
IT has enabled digital health solutions and made the difficult and impossible possible for the unreached population of India. This model is now being emulated in other regions.

A notable example is:
Aarogya Setu: a near-contact COVID-19 exposure notification app, which has been installed more than people in over 100 countries.

5. Intersecting of the Ancient Knowledge System of Medicines and Advanced Health Systems
Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Yoga, Siddha are still prevalent in India and are being combined with modern medicine therapy line.

Global Impact:
Ayurveda and Herbal Medicine: Many Indian companies are now peddling their herbal cure and supplements including Patanjali and Himalaya.
Yoga: Being practiced in all corners of the world, United Nation has dedicated June 21 as International Yoga Day.

6. Research and Development commonly abbreviated as R & D.
India has effectively forum in medical research especially oncology, infectious diseases, Genomics.

Notable Contributions:

Genome Mapping: India’s recently launched GenomeIndia Project will map out its population and therefore be of significance for the whole world in the field of personalised medicine.
Cancer Research: Several groups of researchers in India have made significant strides in working for affordable cancers and wedge therapies.

7. International cooperation for effective capacity building
This paper has provided tangible evidence that India has actively participated in capacity building in healthcare domain especially in low and middle income countries.
-Vaccine Diplomacy: During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the successful foreign policies was the “Vaccine Maitri” that India provided vaccines to more than ninety countries which helped to increase the health safety of humanity.

Medical Training: The emigrating Indian doctors and healthcare professionals have been a major positive factor in building up of health care capacities in Africa, middle east , and southeast Asia.

Key Global Impact Metrics:
Contribution – Generic Medicines
Impact – Affordable drugs for millions
Examples – HIV/AIDS, cancer, cardiovascular diseases

Contribution – Vaccine Manufacturing
Impact – Immunization of billions globally
Examples – Polio, COVID-19, Rotavirus vaccines

Contribution – Biologics & Biosimilars
Impact – Cost-effective treatments
Examples – Insulin, cancer therapies

Contribution – Diagnostics
Impact – Early detection in low-resource areas
Examples – Truenat, COVID-19 testing kits

Contribution – Traditional Medicine
Impact – Integrative healthcare
Examples – Ayurveda, Yoga

India’s major space research achievements:

Aryabhata (1975): India brought it’s first satellite to space research.

SLV-3 (1980) launched Rohini Satellite RS-1; India proudly joining the team of one sixth country to send satellite through its own built up launch vehicle.

Chandrayaan-1 (2008): first Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan that has detected water molecules on the surface of the moon.
-Mangalyaan (2014): India’s Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) entered into Martian orbit; India becomes the first Asian country, and first country in the world to do so on the first try.
-Chandrayaan-3 (2023): Successfully place a spacecraft near the lunar south pole, in thereby India becoming the fourth country to attain a soft landing on the Moon and the first to do it near the south pole.

Comparison with Other Nations:

Despite this great success, Indian space program is relatively nascent when compared with more advanced space faring nations such as US, Russia, China or Europe. These nations have of experience of decades and way more substantial funding as compared to Mars mission for that they perform tasks such as human space flight, moon landings, interplanetary travel.

But the Indian space program is notable for:

-Cost-effectiveness: India makes good progress with comparatively low budgets and this is how one can conclude that it is very innovative in its way.
Scientific research focus: Unlike many other nations, India’s space missions like Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan are definitely not empty triumphs but have significance scientific data additions.
Technological advancements: From technological independence, India has designed and developed its communication satellites, launch vehicles and space borne instruments etc.

The future efforts include manned missions to space and specifically to the Moon and other planets and asteroids exploration. Despite all the issues India has in the field it remains one of the largest countries interested in space exploration focused on scientific research and technological development that would allow it to continue developing and carrying out space exploration in the near future.