The concept of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) forms the bedrock of a child’s learning journey. FLN emphasizes the importance of making sure that children develop fundamental literacy (reading and writing) and numeracy (mathematics) skills in the early years of their education. These fundamental abilities are considered to be highly essential since they ensure the overall cognitive growth of a child and serve as a foundation for the advanced levels of learning in the following years.Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) is considered crucial because it sets the stage for a Child’s ability to access further education. These children can then participate effectively in the workforce, and engage in civic life efficiently when they grow up.

The draft NEP calls for achieving foundational skills -reading, writing and arithmetic – for all children in primary school, and beyond by 2025, to become a national mission. It also talks about institutionalising a robust system of assessment to help teachers evaluate the progress of each student, and identify where each student is on the learning ladder. Without foundational learning, the draft NEP adds, the country could lose over 10 crore students from the learning system and to illiteracy. India’s school education system is the largest in the world, with over 260 million children studying in close to 1.5 million schools.

The Importance of Foundational Literacy and Numeracy

-Addressing the Learning Gap

One of the primary reasons foundational literacy and numeracy are so crucial in rural India is the substantial learning gap among students. Many children enter primary school needing more basic literacy, numeracy, and reading skills. This gap widens as they progress through the education system, making it increasingly arduous to catch up with their peers.

-Empowering Students for Future Success

Robust foundational literacy and numeracy skills empower students to excel academically and navigate real-life situations confidently. In rural areas where agricultural activities are prevalent, numeracy skills are essential for land measurement, yield calculation, and financial management.

-Unlocking Opportunities for Growth

Investing in foundational learning and numeracy in rural areas is a matter of social responsibility and an economic imperative. A well-educated workforce propels innovation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. By ensuring children in rural communities receive quality education, we unlock their potential and create opportunities for socio-economic advancement.

1. Buddhist literature promote nonviolence,harmany and  understanding between people for creating a more peaceful world. The buddist literature taught that peaceful minds leads to peaceful speech and peaceful actions.If the minds of living being are at peace, the world will be in peace. Buddhist made us to learn about self control, self restraint amd tolerance.
2. Buddhist literature has played a pivotal role in promoting world peace by emphasising core values such as compassion, non-violence, and understanding.
3. Buddhist literature texts like the Dhammapada, Tripitaka, and various sutras highlight the importance of mindfulness, ethical conduct, and the cessation of suffering, all of which contribute to harmonious living.
4. These writings encourage inner peace and moral responsibility, influencing individual behaviour and broader social practices and contributing to global peace efforts.
5. The concept of ahimsa (non-harming) is central to Buddhism. It encourages individuals to avoid violence, both in thought and action.Buddhist scriptures emphasize compassion, kindness, and non-aggression, fostering an environment conducive to peace.
6. Buddhist teachings contributed to the development of languages like Pali and other local languages.By preserving and disseminating Buddhist literature, cultural exchange and understanding are promoted, fostering peace.
7. To prevent disputes within communities, the Buddha taught the six principles of cordiality.These principles promote understanding, cooperation, and peaceful coexistence among group members.
8. Buddhist scriptures contain stories that teach nonviolent intervention.These narratives emphasize dialogue, empathy, and conflict resolution, even in inter-group or international contexts.

The government can take several steps to save women , including:-

1. Strengthening the justice system

Ensure that system is strong and can handle a case on timely manner don’t gave dates to the case which make extension in case. By solving matter on time provide victim a justice. Victim not have to wait for too long.

2.Recruiting more women in police

This is the can be progressive step toward women safety This no of women in police increase women safety .

3.Providing well-connected public transit

Provide public transit systems that are well-connected and have stops and stations within walking distance of most buildings and streets.

4.Increase police patrol

By increasing police patrol in night shorten the chance of women getting into trouble. This shorten the crime rate and increase women safety .

5. Providing trainings to women

The women can safe herself by their own if somebody is not there. By training he karate, boxing and other training to protect herself in case

6.Infrastructure to ensure the safety of women in public spaces:

Street Lights, bus stands, pavements, waiting rooms, public toilets, public transport which are GPS enabled, CCTV. etc. should be safe for women. In addition, The One Stop Centres and Local Complaints Committee (LCC) should be effectively functioning in every single district. This infrastructure will deliver a level of much-needed confidence for women’s safety.

7.Promote or educate people on women safety

Women , children, men and old people need to aware how women safety work. There are need to educate people people on women safety and government need to promote a women safety on larger level.

8. Don’t support culprit

People try to save a culprit at any cost which is not an option if someone do something worong to someone he have to face punishment.

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AI refers to the computer system capable of performing complex tasks that human can’t do such as solving difficult calculation, reasoning, or solving problems. AI examples are- playing chess with computer self-driving cars which is highly depends on deep Learning or natural language processing.

Effect of AI on education

-AI transform education into personalized learning experience to student. Personalized learning enhance engagement and motivation in student for success. AI can capture, aggregate and analysis the data of students learning and provide personalized learning to students aby analysing data of student.

-AI-powered assessment and evaluation is a game-changer in the education system. AI has the potential to improve accuracy, efficiency, and fairness in assessments and evaluations. With AI, student learning can be measured more accurately, providing deeper insights and facilitating individualized learning processes

-AI provide online education which is accessible form anywhere.

– AI dimished the need of human teacher.AI don’t have emotions and human understanding for the person . The less human interaction led to lack of social activities which impact our day to day life

– Lot of students data can cause privacy concern. ensuring robust safeguard for the ethical and secure handling of sensitive information is important

Primary memory is a part of computer memory that can cpu can access directly. Primary memory is faster to access than secondary memory. In primary memory data value can be read from and written using a unique address using a unique memory address for each memory locations . Primary memory is volatile memory it will lose data once power is turned off. It is a part of computer memory that store current data,program,  instructions. Primary storages result in the data from and to primary storage can be read and written at very good pace