Absolute poverty and relative poverty are two distinct concepts used to measure economic deprivation.

**Absolute poverty** refers to a fixed threshold of income or resources necessary to maintain basic living standards, such as food, shelter, and clothing. This threshold, often defined internationally as living on less than $1.90 per day (according to the World Bank), is constant over time and across different countries. It measures whether individuals have the minimum resources needed for physical survival. Absolute poverty is useful for assessing extreme poverty levels globally and identifying those who cannot meet fundamental needs.

**Relative poverty**, on the other hand, is context-specific and varies according to societal standards and economic conditions. It measures an individual’s or family’s income in relation to the average income or living standards of the surrounding community or country. For example, someone might be considered relatively poor if their income is below 50% of the median income in their society. Relative poverty highlights disparities within a society and the inability of individuals to participate fully in customary social activities due to financial constraints.

In summary, absolute poverty is about meeting basic survival needs, while relative poverty is about economic inequality and social inclusion within a particular society. Both concepts are important for understanding and addressing different aspects of poverty.

Combating climate change effectively requires a multi-pronged approach. Transitioning to renewable energy is crucial; increasing investment in solar, wind, and other renewable sources reduces reliance on fossil fuels. Enhancing energy efficiency through stricter building standards and improved industrial practices can significantly lower emissions.

Promoting sustainable transportation is another key strategy. Accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) through incentives and expanding charging infrastructure can reduce emissions from the transport sector. Investing in efficient public transportation and promoting walking and cycling through better infrastructure are also essential.

Implementing carbon pricing mechanisms, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems, can incentivize reductions in greenhouse gas emissions across various sectors. Protecting and restoring forests and other natural carbon sinks can help absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.

Additionally, supporting sustainable agriculture practices and reducing food waste can mitigate emissions from the food system. Public awareness and education campaigns are vital to encourage behavioral changes and support for climate policies.

International cooperation and strong political commitment are necessary to achieve these goals. By combining these strategies, we can work towards a sustainable future and effectively combat climate change.

Combating online harassment and abuse targeted at women requires a multi-faceted approach. Education and awareness are crucial; digital literacy programs can teach women about online safety and how to handle harassment, while public campaigns can promote respectful online behavior. Social media platforms must implement robust reporting mechanisms and effective moderation policies, using both human moderators and AI to detect abuse. Transparency about actions taken against offenders is vital.

Legal measures play a key role. Advocating for laws addressing online harassment and ensuring law enforcement is trained to handle such cases can provide victims with necessary support. Establishing support networks, including hotlines and counseling services, offers essential assistance to those affected.

Technological solutions are also important. Encouraging the use of safety features like block and mute options, and developing AI to detect abusive behavior, can help protect users. Community building, where allies speak out against harassment and support victims, fosters a culture of zero tolerance for abuse.

Personal strategies include adjusting privacy settings, documenting harassment, and seeking support. Additionally, conducting research on online harassment informs policy decisions, while advocacy efforts help develop effective interventions. By combining these strategies, we can create a safer and more respectful online environment for women.

The phenomenon of underappreciated artists, writers and musicians during their lifetimes like Van Gogh, Dickinson, or Kafka can be understood by several factors.

Being Ahead of Their Time: Many of these artists produced works that were innovative and ahead of time in terms of culture and aesthetics. It is possible that their peers could not stand this unique style, approach to work or themes they chose. For example, it was only later that the art world fully recognized the import of Van Gogh’s bold usage of color as well as emotional intensity in his paintings.

Restricted reach and exposure: Such artists had limited channels for disseminating information about their works during their lifetimes. For instance Emily Dickinson only published few poems while alive and lived a secluded life which limited her audience.

Personal Circumstances: Personal hardships and mental problems also contributed to this situation. Many artists were faced with financial constraints, suffered from mental illness or societal pressure made it difficult for many to self-promote as an artist. For instance Franz Kafka had self-doubt such that he wanted all unpublished manuscripts burnt on his demise.

The phenomenon of underappreciated artists, writers and musicians during their lifetimes like Van Gogh, Dickinson, or Kafka can be understood by several factors.

Being Ahead of Their Time: Many of these artists produced works that were innovative and ahead of time in terms of culture and aesthetics. It is possible that their peers could not stand this unique style, approach to work or themes they chose. For example, it was only later that the art world fully recognized the import of Van Gogh’s bold usage of color as well as emotional intensity in his paintings.

Restricted reach and exposure: Such artists had limited channels for disseminating information about their works during their lifetimes. For instance Emily Dickinson only published few poems while alive and lived a secluded life which limited her audience.

Personal Circumstances: Personal hardships and mental problems also contributed to this situation. Many artists were faced with financial constraints, suffered from mental illness or societal pressure made it difficult for many to self-promote as an artist. For instance Franz Kafka had self-doubt such that he wanted all unpublished manuscripts burnt on his demise.