A significant change can be seen in the portrayal of women in 18th century literature and contemporary literature. A broad range of social, cultural and political developments could be seen to have influenced this change. 

In the 18th century, women were often portrayed as either of great virtues who were also confined to the domestic setting and the social norms prevalent during the period or as immoral figures. For example, “Pamela” in Pamela. Also, their identities were often linked with men (such as their father, brother or husband) who were also largely the controlling factors of their lives. 

In contrast, women in contemporary literature are depicted in more varied and complex roles, including those of professionals, leaders, etc thus transgressing the societal conventions set for women in society. For instance, Katniss Everdeen in “The Hunger Games”.  They are also seen as having agency over their own lives, unlike 18th-century literature. The intersection of class, race, etc also further contributes to a more inclusive depiction of women’s experiences.

Feminist activism, access to education, legal protections, changing cultural attitudes, modernisation and thus the empowerment of women are certain factors that could be said to have contributed to the shift.