The enactment of the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 was to meet the need of establishing Institutions for redress of grievances relating to corruption in public administration. It was a positive signal in enhancing the aspects of accountability and integrity in the framework of the governance system. The key features of the act are as follows:

1. Creation of Lokpal:

An appellate tribunal to hear complain against corrupt public servants along with the Prime Ministerian and other Ministers of the Union and members of Parliament with immunity from sue.

2. Setting up Lokayuktas: The states shall constitute an institution called Lokayukta dealing with the problem of corruption at state level.

3. Autonomy and Independence:

Lokpal is a separate organization of the country which is not controlled by the government. The members are selected by a selection committee made up of the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Leader of the opposition, the Chief Justice of India or any supreme court judge.

4. Prosecution Powers: Lokpal can direct the CBI to register cases and also to enforce prosecution of such cases.

5. Whistleblower Protection:

Corruption and criminal conduct in public offices and space are protected from exposure according to the Act.
Effectiveness of the Act

1. Increased Accountability:

Investigative and prosecution institutions ensure that officials in public offices are held to book in case of embezzlement of public resources.

2. Decreased Bureaucratic Delay:

Corruption속치정: Lokpal shall provide independent oversight to speed up the investigation of corrupt practices.

3. Public Trust:

Through the two aspects, citizens are more likely to be guaranteed appropriate governance. Challenges and Criticism

1. Delayed Implementation:

Some of the state have lagged behind in implementing the act of Lokayuktas.

2. Limited Scope:

It is also regarded as granting immunities and numerous special measures to some officials, for example the Prime Minister.

3. Overburdening of Lokpal:
One of the issues that impact efficiency is that there are acute staff and facility deficits.

Goals of Regulatory Policies
1. Financial Stability: Through the tracking of systemic risks, regulations prevent financial crisis — an instance where they would fail is a functioning and stable financial system.

2. Public Access & Accountability:The policy is strictly enforced with concrete reporting norms, audits being performed at regular intervals.

3. Consumer Welfare: Regulations safeguard the consumer rights by avoiding frauds and preventing inflated prices for goods.

4. Promote Honest: As Rule-Making frameworks discourages practices that are not right i.e., insider trading, money laundering.

Mechanisms required to offer Accountability and Governance-

1. Regulatory Bodies:
Institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board OfIndia and Insurance Regulatory And Development Authority Of India enforce financial compliance.
RBI Regulation — Proper capital preservation of The Banks

2. Legal compliance
Know Your Customer (KYC) & Anti-Money Lender (AML)
Regular financial statements and audits let you appear transparent.

3. Technological Implementation:
1. Check transactions in real time; Assess the risk — Use of Technology
– For instance, banks have introduced automated fraud detection systems.

4. Mechanism for Redressal of Grievances:
Consumer redressal availed through the Ombudsman and a framework to resolve disputes.

Consequence of the Regulatory Policies

1. Impact at Governance: Clear policies make financial institutions accountable.
2. Confidence in Markets: Strong regulations help sources domestic and foreign investment, since they make it a more secure financial place.
3. Less Corruption: Legislated easing of the process of debt recovery (s.t. i.e. IBC such as Insolvency and Bankruptcy )

Challenges:
– Overlapping jurisdictions lead to regulatory arbitrage.
– Delayed enforcement and monitoring of compliance.

– Recommendations:
– Strengthening inter-agency coordination.
– Improving capacity-building programs for regulatory bodies.

Digital India was launched in 2015 as a flagship programme of India that aims at transforming the country into digitally empowered society and a knowledge economy. Finally, through the technological advancement, it has turned governance and the administrative process into open or transparent, effective, and even effective processes of inclusion.

Positive Impacts

1. Improved Service Delivery

Through UMANG and DigiLocker, they have enabled the people to get licenses certificates, and other related services like tax filings.

2. Transparency and Accountability:

Technologically aided systems like PMMS and Digital payment systems help in less corruption in transfer of schemes like PM Kisan and MGNREGA as they work on DBT module.

3. Enhanced Administrative Efficiency:

These e-Office initiatives facilitate the procedure and, ultimately, supress the amount of work done on paper and consequent delay in the functioning of the government departments.
They identified that automation and usage of the data assist in decision-making.

4. Financial Inclusion:
The JAM trinity: Jan Dhan account, Aadhaar and mobile expands banking access to farming efficiency; enhancing rural economy.

5. Empowerment of Citizens:
Under PMGDISHA digital literacy programs allow the rural based population to engage fully in the governance process.
Mobile applications have a feature that provides instant grievance redressal.

6. Smart Cities and Urban Governance:

Technologic urban planning and resource management help to create better living conditions in a city.

In India the Panchayati Raj System is primarily aimed for decentralization of power by implementing the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 which gives the power of rural local self-governance democracy and efficient rural administration.

Popular Democratic Impact

1. Participatory Democracy

The might exercised by the elected women and other backward classes has indeed an influential and a strengthened pull factor to the participation part of governance.

Gender equality in decision making is also achieved when more than 33% of reservations for women.

2. Decentralized Planning: In planning there is decentralization that enable the local bodies to assess the most needed developmental requisites which in turn makes resource use more effective.

3. Accountability is Increased: It will help the citizens control the Panchayats, and be a way where the discrepancies can be reported to.

Effectiveness of Local Administrative Processes

1. Improvement of Service Provision

Panchayats are involved under Government Schemes like MGNREGA, PMAY, and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, etc.
It is improving the rural facilities and public utilities as well as the localized resource management.

2. Mobilization of Resources

Panchayats are given an authority to collect fees and charges so that they are financially mobilized to implement development programmes.

3. Community Empowerment

Large-participation public involvement means that development is done in a manner that caters for the needs and wishes of a particular area.

The challenges that are confronting Panchayati Raj System

The Panchayati Raj System can be greatly benefited by getting better solutions to the following challenges that it is facing.

1. Limited Financial Autonomy: It cannot initiate projects on its own since it depends on grants from the state and the central government.
2. Capacity Gaps: Insufficient training, and experience of the Panchayat members are some of the constraints affecting the proper administration.
3. Political Patronage: With organized relationship and authority between the states and the Panchayats there are frequent occurrence of conflicts and often duplications of efforts.

4. Unrepresentative Proportions:

Quotas have been there; however, lots of decisions in the areas continue to be influenced by casteism and sexism.