Caste  identity in India is both fluid and static due to interplay of historical, social , economic and political factors.

STATIC ASPECT: The varna system focuses on the rigorous hierarchy, which is based on birth, dictated occupation and interpersonal relations. These social stratifications, according to Emile Durkheim, offers stability and order in society. The notion of “habitus” as proposed by Bourdieu illustrates how caste identities are preserved by deeply rooted cultural norms that continues through generations. caste identities appears to be static and unchangeable as a result of socialization processes by reinforcing these roles and making caste identities appear static and immutable.

FLUID ASPECTS: caste identity is fluid in spite of this rigidity. Traditional hierarchies have been challenged by the odds of industrialization and urbanization, which have given people from lower castes a chance to improve their socio-economic standing. Marxist perspectives also illuminate how class conflict modifies caste identity. As individuals engage in labour and economic activities the rigid caste structures loses its relevance. Affirmative actions such as reservations in education and employment have facilitated upward mobility for the marginalized.

In conclusion caste identity remains static due to deep-rooted historical and social structures, but shows fluidity due to social, economic and political changes.