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What do each of the following quotations mean to you? (a) "What counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. It is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead." Nelson Mandela
Answer: Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid and social discrimination existing in South Africa. In his struggle he taught three rules of life: "free yourself; free others; and serve every day". He was of the opinion that what counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived but our contribRead more
Answer: Nelson Mandela fought against apartheid and social discrimination existing in South Africa. In his struggle he taught three rules of life: “free yourself; free others; and serve every day”. He was of the opinion that what counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived but our contribution to the lives of others. This can be understood from the following arguments:
Significance of the quote in contemporary period:
Therefore, keeping others’ and society’s interests in mind not only helps to establish equality and harmony in the modern world, but it also brings happiness to the individual through altruistic behaviour.
See lessHighlight the important teachings of Kautilya that are relevant to public services in 21st century India.
Answer: The teachings of Kautilya have been primarily derived from his book on statecraft i.e., the Arthashastra, which was written around 3rd century BC, primarily as a book of codes for efficient administration. It includes various learnings with regard to ethical administration that remain relevaRead more
Answer: The teachings of Kautilya have been primarily derived from his book on statecraft i.e., the Arthashastra, which was written around 3rd century BC, primarily as a book of codes for efficient administration. It includes various learnings with regard to ethical administration that remain relevant to public services in India in the 21st century, which are given below:
Thus, Kautilya’s teachings are a synthesis of ‘hybridisation’ of the ancient wisdom with the modern knowledge, which remains relevant to Indian public services of the 21st century.
See lessGive a brief account of the schools of Indian philosophy.
Answer: During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed. These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called ShadaRead more
Answer: During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed. These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called Shada Darshana. They fall in the category of the orthodox system, as the final authority of the Vedas is recognised by all of them. The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy are as follows:
Apart from these orthodox schools, there are also unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy, such as:
Thus, Indian philosophy since ancient times has been inquisitive about larger questions related to the myriad subjects of the spiritual and material world.
See lessEnumerate the factors that led to the emergence and spread of Buddhism and Jainism in India around 6th century BCE.
Answer: Before the 6th century BCE, Vedic practices were dominant in India. Later, there was growing opposition to these ritualistic orthodox ideas of Brahmanism which, ultimately led to the emergence of many heterodox religious movements. Additionally, the prevailing socio-religious and economic ciRead more
Answer: Before the 6th century BCE, Vedic practices were dominant in India. Later, there was growing opposition to these ritualistic orthodox ideas of Brahmanism which, ultimately led to the emergence of many heterodox religious movements. Additionally, the prevailing socio-religious and economic circumstances also led to the emergence and spread of Buddhism and Jainism. The factors leading to the emergence and spread of Buddhism and Jainism in India around 6th century BCE are:
Buddhism and Jainism, thus, emerged in response to the changing circumstances in the society and were followed by the kings, big merchants, rich households, commoners, courtesans, etc. These religions represented the new society which was emerging in the sixth century BCE. Buddha and Mahavira responded to the need of creating a new social order where Vedic ritualistic practices were losing relevance.
See less"True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice." Martin Luther King Jr (150 words)
Answer: Justice is defined as a state of affairs where actors obtain what they are entitled to. Peace is generally defined as a social relationship where physical violence as a tool to achieve political objectives is absent among people. It can be said that, Peace is not the mere absence of war. ItRead more
Answer: Justice is defined as a state of affairs where actors obtain what they are entitled to. Peace is generally defined as a social relationship where physical violence as a tool to achieve political objectives is absent among people. It can be said that, Peace is not the mere absence of war. It is a positive condition of justice. The main cause of conflict is a sense of injustice. Contemporary times sees conflicts among nations, among races, among people following different religions, among different castes and ethnic groups. Often, these conflicts are derived from a sense of injustice acquired either in the past or in the present times. For e.g. the factors responsible for a civil war in a country, may lie in some form of past injustice against a section of the society. Importance of Justice in maintaining True Peace
Tomorrow’s peace must be more than the absence of armed conflict as it must be just, creative and cooperative. The weak must be protected from exploitation, the brutal strong curbed, and a sympathetic appreciation developed for the races of mankind. Even the 16th Sustainable Development Goal refers to “peaceful and inclusive societies”, “access to justice for all” and “effective, accountable and inclusive institutions”.
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