Extremism, particularly by Naxalite groups, significantly hinders tribal development in India. These groups disrupt economic activities by attacking infrastructure and halting development projects, leading to poverty and unemployment in tribal areas. For instance, in states like Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, frequent violence has prevented the construction of schools and healthcare centers, depriving tribes of essential services. The conflict has also caused widespread displacement, forcing many to abandon their ancestral lands and livelihoods.
To address this, the Indian government has implemented several measures. Development initiatives like the Integrated Action Plan (IAP) aim to improve infrastructure and basic services in affected districts. Enhanced security measures include deploying additional forces and specialized counter-insurgency units. Efforts at dialogue with extremist groups, such as peace talks and surrender schemes, seek to address grievances and integrate insurgents into society. Legal reforms like the Forest Rights Act (2006) protect tribal land rights, while social programs focus on education and healthcare improvements, such as residential schools and mobile clinics. Community involvement in planning ensures that development aligns with tribal needs. Despite these efforts, sustained action is required to tackle the root causes of extremism and promote tribal development effectively.