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Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive roles in the emergence of Bangladesh. (UPSC 2013)
In 1971 Bangladesh was following a foreign policy of distancing itself from India. Even then India helped Bangladesh because certain factors were bothering India too. Decision taken by India to interfere in Pakistan- India War of 1971 was due to security, political, strategic and humanitarian compuRead more
In 1971 Bangladesh was following a foreign policy of distancing itself from India. Even then India helped Bangladesh because certain factors were bothering India too.
Decision taken by India to interfere in Pakistan- India War of 1971 was due to security, political, strategic and humanitarian compulsions.
Humanitarian Crisis-
Pakistan military’s brutality on Bangladeshi’s led to widespread atrocities. More than 10 million refugees reached India which created a huge crises of resources in India. It was also destabilising border states West Bengal, Assam and Meghalaya, this compelled India to act.
Political Crisis-
Instability in East Pakistan posed significant political challenges in front of Indian government managing the refugee crisis and also to take a strong stand against Pakistan’s atrocities. Failure in responding could have been politically damaging.
Security Crisis-
Unstable circumstances in East Pakistan lead to internal unrest in Indian North East states and conflicts across Pakistan bordering states could have led to cross border insurgencies and regional instability.
Strategic reasons-
Pakistan’s control over East Pakistan was seen as a geopolitical threat to India, also US-Pakistan ties were growing at that time during Cold War. Independence of Bangladesh would weaken and shift the regional balance of power and benefit India.
India’s interference in Bangladesh’s liberation was a calculated and strategic response to these certain compulsions. It solved the refugee crisis, also reduced Pakistan’s influence and altered geopolitical landscape in South Asia and enhancing India stand globally.
See less"Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth." Discuss in the light of India’s experience. (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
Infrastructure is an umbrella term for a group of facilities and activities which facilitates industrial manufacturing of goods. Infrastructure lays foundation for economic development of a country. For rapid and inclusive economic growth, infrastructure development must be in all the sectors - tranRead more
Infrastructure is an umbrella term for a group of facilities and activities which facilitates industrial manufacturing of goods. Infrastructure lays foundation for economic development of a country.
For rapid and inclusive economic growth, infrastructure development must be in all the sectors – transportation modes, energy, urban and rural development, digital connectivity. It acts as the backbone for enhancing productivity and efficiency.
For inclusive growth-
For Rapid growth-
Challenges such as financing, implementation delays, regional inequalities still exists which will require policy reforms, innovative mechanisms and concerted efforts to ensure timely execution of schemes.
India’s experience shows that investment in infrastructure is essential for fostering rapid and inclusive economic growth. By improving connectivity, energy access and regional inequalities. Infrastructure development must ensure that benefits of economic development is reaching to all the sections of society.
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