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Discuss the linkages between growing urbanisation and noise pollution in India. Describe the effects of noise pollution on human health.
Due to urbanization, there is a huge increase in the vehicular population on the urban corridors. In India, transportation demand in urban areas continues to increase rapidly as a result of both population growth and changes in travel patterns. Linkages Between Growing Urbanization and Noise PollutiRead more
Linkages Between Growing Urbanization and Noise Pollution in India
Effects of Noise Pollution on Human Health
Urbanization in India is leading to higher noise pollution, which negatively impacts human health in several ways. Addressing this issue requires effective planning and regulations to reduce noise levels in growing cities.
See lessOn what grounds can President's Rule be imposed in a state? Also, mention the procedure of its imposition and its effects.
President's Rule is where the central government takes control of a state's administration. President's Rule in a state can be imposed under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. Grounds for Imposition of President's Rule Failure of State Government: When the state government cannot function accorRead more
President’s Rule is where the central government takes control of a state’s administration. President’s Rule in a state can be imposed under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.
Grounds for Imposition of President’s Rule
- Failure of State Government: When the state government cannot function according to the Constitution.
- Law and Order Breakdown: When there is significant trouble or chaos in the state.
- Political Instability: When no party can form a government, or the current government falls.
- Non-Compliance: When the state government disobeys directions from the central government.
- Governor’s Report: The Governor reports to the President that the state government cannot function properly.
- President’s Decision: The President reviews the report and other information.
- Proclamation: The President proclaims to impose the President’s Rule.
- Parliament Approval: Both Houses of Parliament must approve the proclamation within two months. If approved, it lasts for six months and can be extended every six months for up to three years. The 44th Amendment to the Constitution (1978) brought in some constraints on the imposition of the President’s Rule beyond one year. It says that the President’s Rule cannot be extended beyond one year unless:
- There is a national emergency in India.
- The Election Commission of India certifies that it is necessary to continue the President’s Rule in the state because of difficulties in conducting assembly elections.
- State Legislature: The state legislative assembly is either dissolved or suspended.
- Executive Powers: The President takes over the executive functions of the state, managed by the Governor.
- Parliament’s Role: Parliament can make laws for the state.
- Administrative Changes: The central government can make administrative changes in the state.
- Revocation: The President can revoke the President’s Rule at any time.
See lessProcedure for Imposition of President’s Rule
Effects of President’s Rule
Judicial Review
Courts can review and cancel the imposition of the President’s Rule if it is found to be unjustified or done for the wrong reasons.