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In what ways has recombinant DNA technology transformed genetic engineering? Provide examples to demonstrate its impact.( 200 Words)
Genetic engineering refers to direct manipulation of an organism’s genes, often to improve its traits or study its functions. The advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s marked a turning point, allowing scientists to combine DNA from different organisms, opening up limitless applications iRead more
1. Medical Breakthroughs:
Recombinant DNA allows insertion of human genes into microbes to produce therapeutic proteins.
Example: Human insulin gene inserted into E. coli → production of Humulin, a pure, non-allergenic insulin used by diabetics
2. Gene Therapy:
Defective genes can be corrected in patients using rDNA tools.
Example: In SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency), functional genes are inserted into a patient’s cells, enabling them to build immunity.
3. Agricultural Advancements:
Recombinant genes introduced into crops enhance yield, nutrition, and resistance.
Example: Bt cotton contains a bacterial gene that produces a toxin harmful to bollworms, reducing pesticide use and increasing productive.
4. Research and Transgenic Organisms:
rDNA is used to create transgenic animals and plants to study gene functions and develop biopharmaceuticals.
Example: Transgenic mice with human genes help in understanding diseases like Alzheimer’s.
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