India’s diverse climate is influenced by its varied geography, which includes:

• Himalayan Mountains: The northern boundary of India features the Himalayas, which block cold winds from Central Asia, creating a barrier that results in significant climate variations. The range also influences the monsoon patterns.

• Indo-Gangetic Plain: This vast alluvial plain stretches from the west to the east of the Himalayas and is characterized by a temperate climate with hot summers and cold winters.

• Thar Desert: Located in the northwest, this desert experiences extreme temperature fluctuations between hot days and cool nights.

• Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats:  The Western Ghats receive heavy monsoon rains due to moist winds from the Arabian Sea, while the Eastern Ghats receive comparatively less rainfall.

• Coastal Regions: India’s long coastline along the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean leads to tropical climates with moderate temperatures and high humidity.

• Deccan Plateau: This highland region has a semi-arid climate with hot summers and moderate rainfall. Its elevation and location between the Western and Eastern Ghats affect its weather patterns.

This combination of mountains, plains, deserts, and coastal regions results in a complex climate system with varying temperatures, precipitation, and weather patterns across different regions.