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Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (150 words)[UPSC 2022]Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (150 words)[UPSC 2022]
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are formally established agreements between public and private parties to share risks and benefits in the provision of public services and infrastructure. During the year 2020-2021, India appraised a total of 125 PPP projects costing INR 1.72 lakh crore between theRead more
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are formally established agreements between public and private parties to share risks and benefits in the provision of public services and infrastructure. During the year 2020-2021, India appraised a total of 125 PPP projects costing INR 1.72 lakh crore between the central and state projects.
Public Private Partnerships (PPP) is required in infrastructure projects because:
The Indian government has promoted PPPs as a key model for the redevelopment of railway stations as seen in the case of Rani Kamlapati Station in Bhopal. The Kelkar Committee on PPP had recommended using the PPP model for airport, port and railway projects. In the case of the redevelopment of railway stations in India, PPPs can play a particularly important role because:
Although there are challenges like delays in land acquisition, non-availability of capital and regulatory hurdles, PPPs can help to address the challenges of financing, designing, constructing, and maintaining complex infrastructural projects, such as rail and transportation systems.
See lessHow did land reforms in some parts of the country help to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers? (150 words) [UPSC 2021]
Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Under the British Raj, the farmers did not have the ownership of the lands they cultivated. In post-independent India, many initiatives were taken for bringing land reforms andRead more
Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Under the British Raj, the farmers did not have the ownership of the lands they cultivated. In post-independent India, many initiatives were taken for bringing land reforms and improving the deplorable conditions of farmers.
Land reforms helped to improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers in the following ways:
Challenges with the land reforms
The pace of implementation of land reform measures has been slow but the objective of social justice has been achieved to a considerable degree. New and innovative land reform measures should be adopted with new vigour to eradicate rural poverty and improve the socio-economic conditions of marginal and small farmers
See lessWhat are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, of 2013? How has the Food Security Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2021]
The National Food Security Act, 2013 aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-third of the country’s population. The enactment of this landmark legislation, brought a paradigm shift in approach to food security, from welfare to rights-based approach. The salient features of the acRead more
The National Food Security Act, 2013 aims to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two-third of the country’s population. The enactment of this landmark legislation, brought a paradigm shift in approach to food security, from welfare to rights-based approach. The salient features of the act are as:
Role of NFSA in eliminating hunger and malnutrition:
However, there is still a long way for India to reach nutritional sufficiency as:
The food bill has revolutionized the access to food grains; however, the need is to move towards nutritional security and not just food security. Further the structural bottlenecks in the implementation food bill should be corrected by leverage of technology.
See lessHow is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies? (150 words) [UPSC 2020]
Science and science-based technologies have been changing human lives since the ancient period. For example, when humans first time discovered fire, it brought revolutions in human lives. From the micro to the macro level, science, and technology influence almost every aspect of human life. The roRead more
Science and science-based technologies have been changing human lives since the ancient period. For example, when humans first time discovered fire, it brought revolutions in human lives. From the micro to the macro level, science, and technology influence almost every aspect of human life. The role of science-based technologies in transforming agriculture is one such example.
Uses of science-based technologies in daily life:
Uses of science-based technologies in agriculture:
Government Initiatives:
Therefore, science and technology are the product of human research and development, through which humans have made their lives easy in many aspects. Whether science and technology is a boon or bane, is the never-ending topic of debate. It is difficult to predict the future of technology in agriculture but there are many promising trends and pilot projects.
See lessWhat are the major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success how has this system become bane in India? (250 words) [UPSC 2020]
he Rice-wheat cropping system is India’s most widely adopted cropping system practiced on an estimated area of around 11 million hectares. It involves the cultivation of rice during the summer monsoon season, followed by the cultivation of wheat during the winter season. This system is prevalent inRead more
he Rice-wheat cropping system is India’s most widely adopted cropping system practiced on an estimated area of around 11 million hectares. It involves the cultivation of rice during the summer monsoon season, followed by the cultivation of wheat during the winter season. This system is prevalent in Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) and is predominant in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh etc.
Major factors responsible for making rice-wheat system a success in India are:
Problems with success of rice-wheat system:
Way forward:
The traditional Green Revolution States would need to shed “business as usual” approach and embrace an innovative development strategy in agriculture to secure and improve the future of farming and rural youth. An Ever-Green revolution is needed for sustainable development and growth of India.
See lessElaborate the impact of National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas. (150 words) [UPSC 2019]
Watershed management is a method employed by the government at micro-level basically in rain-fed areas with prominent role of Panchayati Raj institutions with major objectives including the conservation, up-gradation and utilization of natural facilities such as land, water, plant, animal and humanRead more
Watershed management is a method employed by the government at micro-level basically in rain-fed areas with prominent role of Panchayati Raj institutions with major objectives including the conservation, up-gradation and utilization of natural facilities such as land, water, plant, animal and human resources in a harmonious and integrated manner for comprehensive development of the region and nation. The development of watershed strategy in the global perspective is traced back to the Earth summit of 1992 with sustainable growth from the grass-root level.
Neeranchal National Watershed Project:
Impact of the National Watershed Project in increasing agricultural production from water-stressed areas:
Reasons for unsatisfactory performance:
Sustainable watershed management through people’s participation is a complex process as its ultimate goal is socio-economic and social-development of the people living in the watershed area. Systematic planning, project designing, implementation and capacity building of locals for future sustenance of the indigenous are the key factors for success. Better coordination among various agencies such as MGNREGA, agriculture ministry and water ministry can bring convergence on the ground, increasing the impact of the project, in line with the Mihir Shah committee recommendations.
See lessWhat are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective? (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is an Indian food security system which evolved as a system for the distribution of food grains and other essential items to low-income households at affordable prices and management of emergency situations. It is the largest food security scheme globally and covRead more
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is an Indian food security system which evolved as a system for the distribution of food grains and other essential items to low-income households at affordable prices and management of emergency situations. It is the largest food security scheme globally and covers almost 60% of the Indian population.
The Centre incurs a huge subsidy bill for implementing PDS, but still India suffers from a serious proportion of hunger. Inaccurate identification of households, leakages in the delivery system, lack of adequate scientific storage facilities, financially inefficient, etc. are some of the major concerns. This shows that the PDS system has failed on many counts to meet its objectives.
Reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective:
Measures to make the PDS system more efficient and transparent can be:
The government initiatives for reform are in the right direction. But there are challenges and these must be looked into so that PDS continues to be the backbone of India’s food security system.
See lessElaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture. The food processinRead more
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture.
The food processing industry is struggling with the following challenges:
Given the above-mentioned challenges, the government has taken the following policy initiatives:
The food processing industry is critical to India’s growth and the government should focus on providing adequate impetus to the sector. With the correct set of policy implementations and support, the industry can grow by leaps and bounds, taking India to a new position of strength and prosperity in the global economy.
See lessElaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture. The food processinRead more
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture.
The food processing industry is struggling with the following challenges:
Given the above-mentioned challenges, the government has taken the following policy initiatives:
The food processing industry is critical to India’s growth and the government should focus on providing adequate impetus to the sector. With the correct set of policy implementations and support, the industry can grow by leaps and bounds, taking India to a new position of strength and prosperity in the global economy.
See lessElaborate the policy taken by the Government of India to meet the challenges of the food processing sector. (250 words) [UPSC 2019]
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture. The food processinRead more
The food processing industry (FPI) is considered a sunrise sector that has gained prominence in recent years. The industry is of enormous significance because of the vital linkages and synergies that it promotes between the two pillars of our economy i.e. industry and agriculture.
The food processing industry is struggling with the following challenges:
Given the above-mentioned challenges, the government has taken the following policy initiatives:
The food processing industry is critical to India’s growth and the government should focus on providing adequate impetus to the sector. With the correct set of policy implementations and support, the industry can grow by leaps and bounds, taking India to a new position of strength and prosperity in the global economy.
See less