India’s struggle to end hunger and malnutrition by 2030 is increasingly challenged by the impacts of climate change. The nation faces rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and frequent extreme weather events such as floods and droughts, all of which severely affect agricultural productivity. Agriculture is a cornerstone of India’s economy, employing nearly half the workforce and providing the primary source of livelihood for a significant portion of the population. Climate change disrupts crop yields, reduces the availability of arable land, and leads to soil degradation, thus threatening food security.

For instance, the staple crops like wheat and rice are highly sensitive to temperature changes and water availability. Unpredictable weather patterns can cause crop failures and lower production, leading to food shortages and higher prices. This disproportionately affects the poor and rural populations, who spend a large part of their income on food. Additionally, livestock and fisheries, vital for providing protein and nutrients, are also impacted, exacerbating malnutrition.

The nutritional quality of food is also at risk. Rising CO2 levels can reduce the concentration of essential nutrients in crops, leading to deficiencies in iron, zinc, and protein. This poses a significant threat to the health of millions, particularly children and women who are already vulnerable to malnutrition.

To combat these challenges, India needs to invest in climate-resilient agricultural practices, diversify crops, improve water management, and strengthen social safety nets. Integrating climate adaptation strategies with nutrition-sensitive policies is crucial. Without addressing the intersection of climate change and food security, achieving the 2030 goal to end hunger and malnutrition remains a formidable challenge for India.