The portrayal of the female character in classic Indian literature deeply influenced society’s perspectives about women during its time. From epics like “Ramayana” and “Mahabharata” to classical Sanskrit dramas like “Shakuntala” by Kalidasa, the female characters have been presented in various roles: from an obedient wife and mother to a height of spiritual wisdom and strength. For example, Sita of the “Ramayana” is an epic character who represents chastity and loyalty, so expectations are created regarding the roles that women should play in marriage and family life.

On the contrary, other characters, like Draupadi in the “Mahabharata,” showcase a much more powerful and complex feminine personality in a male-dominated patriarchal society. However, even in this setting, attitudes regarding women have quite often been leaning toward patriarchal interpretations, which reinforce the obedient and servile roles of women.

The dual portrayals combined to create a society that celebrated women’s virtues, while limiting their autonomy. Such portrayals in the classic literature reflect on as well as shape the norms of society and thus establish values and ideals that put women on pedestals but restrict their levels of freedom. This influences their status and rights in the society for generations.